Tell Asmar Statues Gods or Ordinary People

The Tell Asmar sculpture hoard (also known as the Square Temple Hoard, Abu Temple Hoard, or Asmar Hoard) is a collection of twelve human effigy statues, discovered in 1934 at the site of Tell Asmar, an important Mesopotamian tell in the Diyala Plain of Iraq, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) northeast of Baghdad. Key Takeaways: Tell Asmar Statues The Asmar Statues are twelve statues found by archaeologist Henri Frankfort in the Early Dynastic temple of Tell Asmar at the site of Asmar, in present-day Iraq.  The statues were carved and modeled from alabaster, a hard form of the mineral gypsum, at least 4500 years ago, and buried intact in a single deposit, very unusual for votive hoards.  The statues include two very tall individuals who appear to be cult figures, a hero figure, and nine seemingly ordinary people, with hands clasped and staring eyes looking upward.   The hoard was discovered deep within the Abu Temple at Asmar, during the 1930s archaeological excavations led by University of Chicago archaeologist Henri Frankfort and his team from the Oriental Institute. When the hoard was discovered, the statues were stacked in several layers within a 33 x 20 inch (85 x 50 centimeter) pit, located about 18 in (45 cm) below the floor of the Early Dynastic (3000 to 2350 BCE) version of the Abu Temple known as the Square Temple. The Asmar Sculptures The Tell Asmar statues are all different sizes, ranging from 9 to 28 in (23– to 72 cm) in height, with an average of about 16 in (42 cm). They are of men and women with large staring eyes, upturned faces, and clasped hands, dressed in the skirts of the Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia. The three largest of the statues were placed first in the pit and the others carefully stacked on top. They are believed to represent Mesopotamian gods and goddesses and their worshipers. The largest figure (28 in, 72 cm) is thought by some scholars to represent the god Abu, based on symbols carved into the base, which show the lion-headed eagle Imdugud gliding among gazelles and leafy vegetation. Frankfort described the second largest statue (23 in or 59 cm tall) as a representation of the mother goddess cult. One other figure, a nude man kneeling, may represent a semi-mythical hero. More recently, scholars have noted that most of the other statues are of people, not gods. Most Mesopotamian cult votive figures are found broken and scattered in pieces, while the Tell Asmar statues are in excellent condition, with eye inlays and some bitumen paint intact. The hoard seems to made up of prayerful people, a group headed by two cult figures. Style and Construction The style of the sculptures is known as geometric, and that is characterized by recasting realistic figures into abstract shapes. Frankfort described it as the human body...ruthlessly reduced to abstract plastic forms. The  geometric style is a characteristic of the Early Dynastic I period at Tell Asmar and other similarly dated sites in the Diyala Plain. That abstracted style is not just found in carved figurines, but in decorations on pottery and cylinder seals, stone cylinders carved to be used to leave an impression in clay or stucco. The statues are made from gypsum (calcium sulfate), partly carved from the relatively hard form of massive gypsum called alabaster and partly modeled from processed gypsum. The processing technique involves firing gypsum at about 300 degrees Fahrenheit (150 degrees Celsius) until it becomes a fine white powder (called plaster of Paris). The powder is then mixed with water and then modeled and/or sculpted into shape. Dating the Asmar Hoard The Asmar Hoard was found within the Abu Temple at Asmar, a temple which was built and rebuilt several times during Asmars occupation, beginning before 3,000 BCE, and remaining in use until 2500 BCE. To be more specific, Frankforts team found the hoard in a context that he interpreted as beneath the floor of the Early Dynastic II version of the Abu temple called the Square Temple. Frankfort argued that the hoard was a dedicatory shrine, placed there at the time of the Square Temples construction. In the decades since Frankforts interpretation associating the hoard with the Early Dynastic II period, today scholars consider it to predate the temple by some centuries, carved during the Early Dynastic I period, rather than to have been placed there at the time the temple was built. Evidence that the hoard predates the Square Temple has been compiled by Evans, who includes archaeological evidence from the excavators field notes, as well as geometric stylistic comparisons to other Early Dynastic buildings and artifacts in the Diyala plain. Sources Evans, Jean M. The Square Temple at Tell Asmar and the Construction of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia, Ca. 2900-2350 B.C.E. American Journal of Archaeology 111.4 (2007): 599-632. Print.Feldman, Marian H. Knowledge as Cultural Biography: Lives of Mesopotamian Monuments. Dialogues in Art History, from Mesopotamian to Modern: Readings for a New Century. Ed. Cropper, Elizabeth. Studies in the History of Art. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2009. 41-55. Print.Frankfort, Henri. Sculpture of the Third Millennium B.C. From Tell Asmar and Khafajah. Oriental Institute Publications. Eds. Wilson, John Albert, and Thomas George Allen. Vol. 44. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939. Print.Tell Asmar, Khafaje, and Khorsabad: Second Preliminary Report of the Iraq Expeditions. Oriental Institute Communications. Eds. Breasted, James Henry, and Thomas George Allen. Vol. 16. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1935. Print.Frankfort, Henri, Thorkild Jacobsen, and Conrad Preusser. Tell Asmar and Khafaje: The First Seasons Work in Eshnunna 1930/31. Oriental Institute Communications. Vol. 13. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932. Print.Gibson, McGuire. A Re-Evaluation of the Akkad Period in the Diyala Region on the Basis of Recent Excavations at Nippur and in the Hamrin. American Journal of Archaeology 86.4 (1982): 531-38. Print.Wengrow, David. The Intellectual Adventure of Henri Frankfort: A Missing Chapter in the History of Archaeological Thought. American Journal of Archaeology 103.4 (1999): 597-613. Print.

Organ Trafficking - 1137 Words

Organ Trafficking Organ trafficking is one of the great issues that is faced by the society today. It is a practice of stealing people’s organ through surgery under the influence of drugs or from a dead person, and the organs are normally sold in black market such as China. South Africa, and Russia. WHO has estimated that one-fifth of the 70,000 kidneys that are transplanted every year come from the black market through a widespread organ-trafficking networks. In my opinion, organ trafficking has become an international trade due to several reasons. First of all, an organ trafficking market has created due to remarkably high demand for body parts from all over the world. Many people refuse to donate their organs even after they die has†¦show more content†¦* Every hospital has a tout. In fact, the doctors or nephrologists will often suggest a person that you can contact to get a kidney. They charge up to US$10,000. * The recipients were wealthy clients in India and other countries. Some of them were from Greece, Arab countries, United States and one or two patients from European countries. Opening sentence: Organ trafficking is the practice of stealing peoples organs via surgery while they are under the influence of drugs, or once the person is dead, when the organs can be illicitly removed and then used for further purposes such as transplants or sold on the black market such as in China, South Africa, and Russia. Thesis statement: Organ trafficking has become international trade due to several reasons. Topic sentence 1: A remarkably high demand for body parts has created organ trafficking market. But wherever there is demand there is a market. Supporting detail 1: With the advent of organ transplantation more than thirty years ago, the human body has quickly created a demand for replacement parts. Supporting detail 2: The global demand for organs has surpassed organ donation in most cases, thus creating a market economy of organ trade. 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The organ trade is one of the fastest growing and least enforced trafficking crimes throughout the globe today (Glazer 341). Sarah Glazer claims in Organ Trafficking that 5,000 to 10,000 of the 100,000 transplanted organs are obtained illegally each year (341). Although the laws passed and organizations founded have delayed the escalation of organ trafficking, the selling and distribution of compensated organs should remain illegal and suppressedRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagespieces and parts or in its entirety, organizations will pay top dollar for the human body, even after it houses the human spirit. Throughout history, civilizations have found uses for the bodies, organs and tissue of the dead. 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The access of patients to organ transplantation varies to the national situations, and is determined by the cost of healthcare, the level of technology advance and the availabilityRead MoreThe Problem Of Organ Trafficking2906 Words   |  12 PagesOrgan Trafficking Lithuania UNODC Sabrina Torres PART 2: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Organ trafficking is a vicious cycle in which the ideals of cultures are mixed in as well as the economic technicalities of the crime mix in. It can be defined as â€Å"the phenomenon when a third party recruits, transports, transfers, harbors, or receives a person, using threats (or use) of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of authority or a position of vulnerability for the purpose of removing thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Organ Trafficking1520 Words   |  7 PagesOrgan trafficking is becoming progressively more common around the world. The donor list becomes longer every day with people in need of a transplant. There are over 120,000 people in the United States alone on the kidney transplant waiting list (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). People on the waiting list are having to wait for a live donor (who wants no monetary gain) to donate a kidney, or they are waiting for someone to die. Nonetheless, many people are unwilling to donate an organ while livingR ead MoreEssay on Human Organ Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organ Trafficking There are many problems with global crimes. What holds these crimes together isn’t because people around the world are committing the same crimes, it’s because these criminals have created global organizations that have ties in all the corners of the world. These groups work just like normal business do, exporting and importing goods to gain profit. However, unlike normal businesses their goods are illegal such as drugs and often inhumane such as trafficking humans. EvenRead MoreOrgan Trafficking : A Large Problem1446 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal organ trafficking has become a large problem all over the world. The traffickers are commonly attacking the poor and promising them money but it never ends up being the correct amount. Commonly doctors and pharmaceutical companies overlook the illegal trade of the organs because they receiving money from the transplants. Organ trafficking takes place in three broad categories. The first one is organ traffickers will force or trick the individual into giving up an organ. Secondly the victim

The Good Shepherd, John 10 Free Essays

Jesus, Our One True Shepherd Tuesday, October 30, 2012 Introduction Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus offers to those around Him, most specifically His Disciples, metaphors to help them understand who He is and what His purposes are. Jesus uses common phrases to illustrate His point. He does this twenty-three times in the Gospel of John Repeating important. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Shepherd, John 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He begins seven of those important statements with two exceptional words, â€Å"I AM†. These words illustrate his world-saving purpose. For example in John 6, Jesus makes the profound statement â€Å"I am the bread of life† right after feeding a huge crowd and speaking of Moses and the manna God gave from Heaven. Without the manna, the nation of Israel would not have survived their time in the desert. Later, in John 8 Jesus speaks of walking in light versus darkness, and makes the statement, â€Å"I am the Light of the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We know that a belief in Jesus allows us to walk in the light, to be out of the darkness of sin and death. By the time we reach chapter 10 in the Gospel of John, Jesus is going say again, twice, an â€Å"I AM† statement. The rest of this paper will focus on John 10:1-18. It is important however, to understand that what Jesus is doing in these verses is in the midst of a long line of hugely important moments between Him and those He came to save. In the tenth chapter of the Gospel of John, Jesus makes two huge â€Å"I AM† statements. The first one Jesus speaks to is addressed in verses 1-10, and is spoken in vs. 7, â€Å"I AM the door of the sheep. † The second comes later in vs. 11, â€Å"I AM the good shepherd. † In John 10, the structure of the passage comes in two parts, yet concludes with one main theme, Jesus is our true Shepherd. The paper will take a look at the first part of the passage where Jesus talks about being the â€Å"gatekeeper†, and then will shift focus into what Jesus being the â€Å"Good Shepherd† means. While again, each could be looked at independently, the focus of this paper will be to demonstrate that each part works together to help Jesus’ followers then and people today understand what it means for Jesus to be the one true Shepherd. It is important to understand weight of each of the â€Å"I AM† statements that Jesus speaks in John 10. In order to gain a better understanding of the premise of Jesus as â€Å"Shepherd†, here are a few important things to note. First, sheep and goats were two of the most well known and spoken about animals in the Bible. Also, â€Å"sheep and goats require constant care, since they are practically defenseless† and such would require a Shepherd, someone to guard them, and provide a constant watch over them. So now, Shepherds became a pivotal part of God’s story. Shepherds not only tended to the feeding and providing of care for the sheep, they guarded and protected them against thieves and robbers. It was the Shepherd’s sole responsibility to care for and tend to his sheep – to make sure they were accounted for and maintained to the best of his ability. Second, even thought this is the first time in John that Shepherding is mentioned, the other Gospels also discus this ‘job’. It is also, as previously mentioned, seen a huge amount throughout the Old Testament. Think back to David or some of the great Prophets, like Ezekiel, Jeremiah, or Isaiah, and you find a vivid picture of what it means to be a Shepherd, one of the sheep, or part of the flock. In John Chapter 10, Jesus will identify Himself as a Shepherd, and the implications of this are great. Not only does Jesus speak about being the ‘gatekeeper’ of the sheep, He also says that he is the â€Å"Good Shepherd†. Both concepts help to illustrate Jesus’ purpose and one main idea, â€Å"Jesus is our one true Shepherd†. The Gatekeeper In the first part of the passage (John 10:1-10), Jesus is going to identify Himself as the gatekeeper, the guard and protector of the sheep from thieves and robbers. To understand this properly, and to put the first part of this passage in context, we must go back to what the people would have understood as he said this, and why they would have understood its implications. Ezekiel 34 is the starting point for this analysis. The basic implication of Ezekiel 34 is the rebuking the false shepherds of Israel. Making note that one day He will gather the lost sheep and bring them to Himself, as promised. From Ezekiel, Verses 2, 4-5, and 11-12 â€Å"Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and say to those shepherds, ‘Thus says the Lord God, â€Å"Woe, shepherds of Israel who have been feeding themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flock? † 5 â€Å"They were scattered for lack of a shepherd, and they became food for every beast of the field and were scattered. † 11 For thus says the Lord God, â€Å"Behold, I Myself will search for My sheep and seek them out. 2 â€Å"As a shepherd cares for his herd in the day when he is among his scattered sheep, so I will care for My sheep and will deliver them from all the places to which they were scattered on a cloudy and gloomy day. The idea of false or evil shepherds can also be found in Jeremiah 23: 2-5. 2Therefore thus says the Lord God of Israel concerning the shepherds who are tending My people: à ¢â‚¬Å"You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them; behold, I am about to attend to you for the evil of your deeds,† declares the Lord. â€Å"Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock out of all the countries where I have driven them and bring them back to their pasture, and they will be fruitful and multiply. 4â€Å"I will also raise up shepherds over them and they will tend them; and they will not be afraid any longer, nor be terrified, nor will any be missing,† declares the Lord. What Jesus does by introducing the rightful gatekeeper in the first 10 verses of John is to open the door to Him being the true Shepherd for the sheep, His people. When looking at the passages in Ezekiel and Jeremiah, it is easy to see how the idea of false or evil shepherds was standard in this time. Up until this point, Jesus’ greatest adversaries had been the Pharisees, the ones who claimed to be the most righteous and Godly men around. They were the ‘gatekeepers’ to religious law and practice. They held the mandates and seemed to ultimately decide who was right, or â€Å"in† with the Father. The people also listened to them. They paid heed to everything the Pharisees said and did. When Jesus, in the opening verses of John 10 describes thieves and robbers, He is speaking to these individuals, and all the other leaders of the past that had led Israel astray. John 10:3 details how the doorkeeper recognizes the shepherd, and how the sheep hear his voice and follow. This is such rich imagery. We may not value this as significant, because in the Western World most sheep are herded by a dog, or by the movement from a ranch hand from behind the flock. In the Near Eastern culture this is not the case. D. A. Carson describes it like this: â€Å"The Sheep listen to the shepherd’s voice†¦ Near-Eastern shepherds have been known to stand at different spots outside the enclosure and sound out their own peculiar calls, their own sheep responding and gathering around their shepherd. † Jesus is making a bold statement in verse 5 to say, â€Å"A stranger they simply will not follow, but will flee from him, because they do not know the voice of strangers. † Jesus is asserting that those who have come before Him, and who have pretended to be His people’s shepherds are nothing more than strangers. He shows that a time will be coming when He will call the names of those whom He loves, and they will know His voice, because they are already His. This moment links us directly to Jesus as Messiah – coming to save those who have been as scattered sheep. Only the one true Shepherd will call His sheep, and only then will the people hear the voice of the this Shepherd. Jesus being the ‘gatekeeper’ is so very important. So not only is the gatekeeper responsible for the sheep in the sense that he decides who will come and go from the fold, Jesus being the ‘gatekeeper’ or the ‘door’, is the means to eternal salvation. Only the one true Shepherd can be held responsible for those who come into the fold. In verse 7 Jesus makes the first â€Å"I AM† statement – He says, â€Å"I am the door of the sheep. † Not only now do the sheep recognize Him as the Shepherd, He now is their passage through the gate into the fold. Jesus points out again in verse 8 that those who came before Him were nothing but thieves and robbers, and that the sheep did not recognize them. The thieves and robbers were only out for their own interests (looking back to Ezekiel 34) and because of this, the sheep are eternally destroyed. But Jesus as the door to the fold, the gate itself, gives life, and does not take it away. Jesus as the one true Shepherd is the only door there is to the Father, the only true gate in which a sheep can enter into the fold. Up until this point, the passage has reflected on the Jewish nation. Jesus as â€Å"The Good Shepherd† will become an even bigger idea, also helping to verify Jesus as the one true Shepherd, and for all people. The Good Shepherd In this portion of the passage, Jesus makes several important claims about His role as the one true Shepherd of the flock. In the earlier verses, this same idea was true, but only for a certain subset of people. As we look through the following portion of the text we will see how Jesus is â€Å"The Good Shepherd† for all, and therefore is the one true Shepherd of the flock. Right away, John points out something crucial to the passage, and that hints to earlier parts of the passage. He opens up by saying this: â€Å"I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. â€Å"He who is a hired hand, and not a shepherd, who is not the owner of the sheep, sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. This mention of a hired hand again points to those who came before Jesus, who were even there at that time, pretending to be Israel’s shepherds. They, the religious leaders and Pharisees were nothing but hired hands, looking after the sheep yes, but in the sight of danger, they would flee. The ‘hired hand’ ca res much more for his own interest than the interests of his flock. We know Jesus to be the complete opposite, and He truly hits it home when He says that as The Good Shepherd, not only will He protect His sheep, He will die for them. Only the one true Shepherd would do that for His sheep. The next portion of the text is also monumental in meaning when it comes to Jesus being the one true Shepherd. Right after Jesus emphasizes that He will know His sheep and His sheep will know Him, He makes a gesture not only to those who already know Him, but also to those who have yet to know Him. From John 10:16, â€Å"I have other sheep, which are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will hear My voice; and they will become one flock with one shepherd. The significance of this moment in scripture is profound. Jesus states here that He is the One who will bring all to the fold. That no longer will there be a division between Jews and Gentiles, but that there will only be one flock, with the one true Shepherd. Many times throughout the New Testament this same grand gesture is given to the Gentiles. See Galatians 3: 26-29: â€Å"26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 9And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to promise. † This moment says exactly this! Jesus is the one true Shepherd, fulfilling a long foretold promise that He and He alone will bring ALL the sheep into the fold and He will be the only Shepherd. The final portion of this text helps us to understand more clearly who â€Å"The G ood Shepherd† is. As The Good Shepherd, Jesus makes some declarations about who He is in not only relation to His sheep but His Father, thus explaining His own sovereignty. Jesus’ life is not taken, it is given up by Him and Him alone. This is why God sent Him. The choice to watch over, guard, protect, and call-in His sheep was the plan, the plan of a great and sovereign Shepherd, who had to give His life so that His sheep could live, so that they could go through the gate. Jesus was not forced to be The Good Shepherd, the one true Shepherd, He choose to do this willingly. Conclusion Throughout the first 18 verses of John 10, John helps us to understand the implications and simple delight that Jesus is our one true Shepherd. He does this first by helping us to see Jesus as the â€Å"gatekeeper† or the â€Å"doorway† through which we enter into life eternal. John also tell us of the personal relationship that a Shepherd has with his sheep, and likewise that Jesus has with each of His sheep – He knows them, and they know Him. Furthermore, John points out that there have been and will probably always continue to be, false or evil shepherds that come like thieves or robbers in the night to try and steal or sway the sheep. But in regards to the text, the sheep shall not worry, but rather hear the voice of the true Shepherd and follow Him. The second portion of the text discusses the sovereignty of the one true Shepherd. Jesus, by choice is The Good Shepherd, and subsequently came to be the one true Shepherd for all. By His choice to lay down His life for all of His sheep, we are able to enter into the fold where He will reign as our Shepherd for eternity. If another shepherd offered this same promise, or was able to, then Jesus would not be The Good Shepherd, He would simply be like the rest before Him – thankfully this is not the case. The verses in John 10: 1-18 clearly demonstrate that Jesus is our one true Shepherd, by means that He is not only The Good Shepherd, but also the â€Å"door† that we must come through to have eternal life. There are some implications that come from knowing this. As followers of Christ in the modern age, we are prone to listen to other shepherds – often times even letting ourselves run and follow after other voices. It is in fact shameful how easy and accustomed we have become to listening to the other voices, which try and replace our one true Shepherd. We find it easier to place our faith in the hands of those hired and not the One high above. We become attuned to religious practice and not the stillness of the green pasture that He leads us to. We become fixated on practice and not righteousness, letting ourselves adhere to the rules put in place, rather than the standard in which the fold was formed. We forget that our one true Shepherd laid down His life for His sheep – doing this so that they might be able to live a life, which with Him alone is full. Knowing that Jesus is the one true Shepherd also helps us to know how to be good shepherds to those around us. It helps us to better understand how to tend to the flocks that we are a part of. It helps us to understand how to love on the weak and care for those who wander. Finally, it helps us to understand the importance of truly knowing our flocks. As is found later in John, Jesus commands of those who truly love and follow Him – â€Å"feed My lambs,† â€Å"love My sheep,† and â€Å"tend My sheep. † The one true Shepherd offers this for us, and in turn we are to offer it, as He has commanded us, to all. Jesus is our one true Shepherd, and the Shepherd of all. Sited Works: 1. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1557 2. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1564 3. Mattingly, G. L. (2000). Shepherd. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers A. B. Beck (Eds. , Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible (D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers A. B. Beck, Ed. ) (1208). Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. 4. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Eze 34:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 5. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Je 23:2–4). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foun dation. 6. D. A. Carson (1991) The Gospel According to John, Pg. 382 7. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:5). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 8. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 9. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 995 (Jn 10:16). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 10. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Ga 3:26–29). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1557 [ 2 ]. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1564 [ 3 ]. Mattingly, G. L. (2000). Shepherd. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers A. B. Beck (Eds. ), Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible (D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers A. B. Beck, Ed. ) (1208). Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. [ 4 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Eze 34:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 5 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Je 23:2–4). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 6 ]. D. A. Carson (1991) The Gospel According to John, Pg. 382 [ 7 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:5). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 8 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 9 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:16). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 10 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Ga 3:26–29). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. How to cite The Good Shepherd, John 10, Papers

Essay on Christopher Columbus Essay Example For Students

Essay on Christopher Columbus Essay Columbus as a man had many positive contributions as well as negative. People all over the world celebrate Columbus Day, because of his achievements, and success in finding the New World. Although, many people revel in his glory, their are facts that infer that Columbus wasnt as admirable as people think of him. In 1892, Columbus was a hero, virtually everyone praised him. On the contrary in 1992, revisionists who are delving into archives, are uncovering the negative aspects of his infamous voyage. Columbus journey was the first step in a process that produced an experiment, where the New World became a symbol and a home for democracy. In 1892, people perceived that Columbus and the Europeans who followed him brought civilization to two immense sparsely populated continents, in the process of enhancing and altering the Old World from where they had came from. The 19th century, was a period whereby soceity of the Europeans altered the Western culture of the Native Americans. The Europeans had brought many new changes to the New World, such as pigs, horses. Columbus had opened the seeds of change. The European society as a whole, had thought that the Europeans were doing a favor, by changing their primitive ways, when in fact, some of the Native American customs were far more superior to what the Europeans had in their own. The obstinate Europeans, did not want to make concessions because they had an assumed air of superiority. Columbus has been the all-time heroic figure portayed by people of 1862, they viewed him as a man of great and inventive genius. Columbus in todays perception is a grasping fortune hunter, an incompetent governor of the New World colonies, those fame to the Indians he discovered was plunder, servitude, and death. Columbus is like Hitler to a greater extent, in that he persecuted, and tried to progress his own (European) race, just like Hitler tried to persecute jews, and progress his own (Aryan) race. Environmentalists see Columbus as a man who set forth the despoliation of the New World, by using ecological imperialism. Columbus wanted Indian genocide, inorder to aid the progress of the European civilization at the expense of the lives of the Indians. Columbus started genocide, by enslavement of the people, and the spreading of disease, which led to the demise of approximately 75% of the Native American population. Columbus had benevolent contributions, but the persecution of Native Americans does and should not condone him from his faults. Native Americans were doomed by European arrogance, brutality, and infectious diseases. Columbus gift was slavery to those who greeted him. Columbus arrival to the New World, set in motion a destruction of the world he entered. .

Victorias Secret Essay Example

Victorias Secret Essay Everyday after school I walked by Victorias Secret. In the display window were two mannequins; one blonde, one brunette, very sensuous. I was particularly attracted to the brunette, her pouty lips, the way the lacy panties clung to her small waist. But it wasnt just her looks, she had a presence, and when I went by to look in the window she seemed to perk up. I could tell she liked me. Her name was Sonia, she didnt tell me but she couldnt be any other name. I started to hang out by the Victorias Secret window a lot. Sonia was really interesting, much more so than the girls I went to school with. Sonia told me I was much more mature than the girls in school which is why they ignored me. Id never been on a date. After awhile it got so I could talk to Sonia about anything. I confided to her. Shed always say something like, you just need more confidence, sweetie. Every time I left her Id feel ten feet tall. At school when someone bothered me Id just think of Sonia and just knowing I had something they didnt, whatever they said had no effect on me and eventually they left me alone. Even mothers yelling and constant badgering; where was I going, what was I doing, why didnt Is or why did I dos, failed to get me upset. We will write a custom essay sample on Victorias Secret specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Victorias Secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Victorias Secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All this was due to Sonia. One night lying in bed I decided I loved her and would do anything for her. I couldnt sleep thinking of her but I didnt care. The next day while taking a short cut coming home from school I saw some wild flowers and picked them for Sonia. I went by her window to give them to her. Oh sweetie, she said, theyre beautiful, and she told me to press my lips to the glass and kissed me. It was warm and wet and I held my lips there for a long time not wanting it to end. You better take off sweetie, she said I dont want to get into trouble. When I got home mother was more smothering than usual. I dont know whats gotten into you lately, she said. You look like youre in another world. Are you taking drugs? Because if I find out your taking drugs I will not let you leave the house. You will not have any privileges. Im going to arrange to have you drug-tested, Im calling the consoler at school. And to think of all Ive done and this is how you pay me back. Dont you roll your eyes at me. After that I laid in bed and thought of Sonia, how Id like to take her far far away, where itd just be me and her and we could just hold each other and talk. The next day when I went to see Sonia she told me to come closer to the window; she told me to put my ear against the glass, she didnt want anyone else to hear what she was about to say. Listen sweetie, she whispered, are you serious about me? I nodded. I dont mean like little boy puppy love stuff, I mean do you love me? I nodded again more emphatically. Look I cant stand another night of sitting in this window or Ill go nuts. Howd you like to bust me out of here and take me somewhere far, far away? Itll be just you and me. My heart almost burst out of my chest. Funny thing was because Id fantasied about going away with her and I already had a plan. I told Sonia Id be back that night. After mother fell asleep I tiptoed into her room and fumbled around for her car keys and twelve hundred in cash that she kept stashed in her drawer. When I pulled up to Victorias Secret, Sonia was awake. The street was eerily quiet. I threw a brick through the window, which triggered the alarm. I climbed in and scooped Sonia up and put her in the car. It was difficult getting her in the front seat, I had to bend her legs, she couldnt move them because they were stuck in the same position for so long. Step on it she said, the cops will be here any minute. I got on the freeway and headed south. Even though it was drizzling it was smooth sailing. I knew youd come through for me, youre my man-child, Sonia said. I gave her a quick kiss on the lips and held her hand. This was heaven. Sweetie when we settle in for the night Im going to do things to you that you never imagined. Im going to give you the ride of your life. Heaven just got a little better I thought. I saw a Best-Western and pulled off. Sonia told me to check in first, then to come out and get her, she still couldnt walk. The clerk looked at me suspiously. I told him my mom was in the car but she was sick and throwing up. When I pulled out a hundred he gave me the key. I carried Sonia into the room, locked the door and laid her on the bed. I looked at her lacy lingerie, her long legs spread slightly. I couldnt believe she was going to be mine. This was going to be the night of my life. Sonia, your quiet, I said. Dont tell me youre asleep? She didnt answer. I shook her but she didnt say anything, oddly her skin felt like plastic. I tried to wake her with a kiss but they tasted like plastic too. I feel asleep and when I came to she still wouldnt wake up. I started screaming at her. I needed her but she just lay there like a dummy. She didnt seem like a real person. Sonia, I yelled, you cant treat me like this. You promised me, that if I got you out youd be with me, you said I was your sweet man-child. I couldnt control myself. I yelled louder, you just used me, you bitch. Then I heard a key opening the door. It was the motel manager with the cops. They pinned me down and took me away. Mother had me committed. The consolers give me medication and a lot of therapy. They say I have to get back into reality. But they dont know that Sonia is the cause of all my problems. She just used me.

Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing Essay Example

Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing Essay Example Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing Essay Introduction To Social Media Analysis Marketing Essay picture confab, and personal messaging within all-purpose societal networking sites provide intimate communicating channels comparable to phone calls and face-to-face office meetings. Social media can assist persons make out to moderate-sized groups of friends or familiarities by airing a personal message ( e.g. , a tweet sent to a user s followings on Twitter ; a station sent to a departmental email list ) or leting others to catch a remark ( a station to person s Facebook wall ) . They can besides let persons to make big groups through popular web log stations, podcasts, pictures posted on sites like YouTube, or updates on Twitter by companies or famous persons with legion followings. Purpose of the Research Thousands of people are gaining immense sum of money through Social Media, This research will assist to understand that when one individual enters into societal media, what is his way and where does he travel? This Research will besides assist to understand that how can a individual earn from a peculiar societal web web site. Research Questions To understand the form of browse of persons utilizing societal media web. To look into the consciousness among the people of gaining through societal media. How an person can gain through Social Media in Pakistan? How this form can be used to derive maximal end product in on-line advertisement. DELIVERABLE III Medium of Research Social Network Theory Social web analysis is the application of the broader field of web scientific discipline to the survey of human relationships and connexions. Social webs are aboriginal ; they have a history that long predates systems like Facebook and Friendster, and even the first email message. Ever since anyone exchanged aid with anyone else, societal webs have existed, even if they were largely unseeable. Social webs are created from any aggregation of connexions among a group of people and things. Social web analysis helps you explore and visualize forms found within aggregations of coupled entities that include people. From the position of societal web analysis, the treelike org-chart that normally represents the hierarchal construction of an organisation or endeavor is excessively simple and lacks of import information about the cross connexions that exist between and across sections and divisions. In contrast with the simplified tree construction of an org-chart, a societal web position of an organisation or population leads to the creative activity of visual images that resemble maps of main road systems, air hose paths, or rail webs Network analysts see the universe as a aggregation of interrelated pieces. Those analyzing societal webs see relationships as the edifice blocks of the societal universe, each set of relationships uniting to make emergent forms of connexions among people, groups, and things. The focal point of societal web analysis is between, non within people. Whereas traditional societal scientific discipline research methods such as studies focus on persons and their properties ( e.g. , gender, age, income ) , web scientists focus on the connexions that bind persons together, non entirely on their internal qualities or abilities. This alteration in focal point from property informations to relational informations dramatically affects how informations are collected, represented, and analyzed. Social web analysis complements methods that focus more narrowly on persons, adding a critical dimension that captures the connective tissue of societies and other complex mutualities. Once a set of societal media webs has been constructed and societal web measurings have been calculated, the ensuing informations set can be used for many applications. For illustration, web informations sets can be used to make studies about community wellness, comparings of subgroups, and designation of of import persons, every bit good as in applications that rank, kind, comparison, and hunt for content and experts. The value of a societal web attack is the ability to inquire and reply inquiries that are non available to other methods. This means concentrating on relationships. Although analysts, sellers, and decision makers frequently track societal media engagement statistics, they seldom consider relationships. Traditional engagement statistics can supply of import penetrations about the battle of a community, but can state small about the connexions between community members. Network analysis can assist explicate of import societal phenomena such as group formation, group cohe rence, societal functions, personal influence, and overall community wellness. Significance of Research Social media selling is the procedure of advancing your site or concern through societal media channels and it is a powerful scheme that will acquire you links, attending and monolithic sums of traffic. There is no other low-priced promotional method out at that place that will easy give you big Numberss of visitants, some of whom may come back to your web site once more and once more. If you are selling products/services or merely publication content for ad gross, societal media selling is a powerful method that will do your site profitable over clip. ( Maki, 2007 ) Restrictions Following are the issues which could be faced during the research: Lack of consciousness of using societal media among people in Pakistan. No anterior research available. DELIVERABLE IV LITERATURE REVIEW Social Media Selling Social media selling is the manner of advancing your concern or sites through different societal media channels and it is an effectual program that will billow traffic to your sites, acquire more links and hold on the attending of people. It is one of the low cost web site or merchandise promotion method. It grasps more figure of visitants, some of whom may repeatedly see the web site. If you are in a concern which deals with selling merchandises or services, so societal media selling is one of the effectual ways that will do your site profitable over a period of clip. Those who do non cognize the worth of societal media sites autumn into three different classs ( 1 ) the 1 who do non anything about societal media selling ( 2 ) one who are interested and do non cognize to utilize the societal media ( 3 ) the 1 who do non hold assurance in the worth that a societal media selling can convey in. Why Social Media? Presents Blogs are even ranked higher than the inactive web sites because of their relevant content and their fresh ideas which meet the hunts standards to come on top places. The more links you have the better your site will be ranked by hunt engines. When your web site receives more natural lasting links, it builds more genuineness of your site and physiques search engine trust on your web site. This helps to acquire ranked even with competitory keywords. societal media is a indispensable tool for advancing your site and it s truly a worthy method to acquire into celebrity. ( 1 ) Social media selling helps you to acquire more natural links to your site and your web site is exposed in forepart of more people which helps yo to drive more traffic on your web site. ( 2 ) It s a reliable method, if you utilize it decently and successfully, societal communities help you to drive traffic more than the old sum traffic you received from the hunt engine. ( 3 ) Social media selling is a community based selling method, and this does nt harm several other methods that drive traffic to the web sites on a regular basis Social media selling helps to acquire celebrated all around the Earth. Social media sites includes on-line communities, societal webs, web logs, wikis and another type of media for selling, gross revenues and client support.. The different types of societal media selling tools include facebook, orkut, hi5, chirrup, Linkedin, web logs, YouTube and Flickr. The societal media marketing Acts of the Apostless as a cheapeest method of advertisement. It is seen that societal media marketing Acts of the Apostless as one of the taking concern locale to utilize. Nowadays concern engineering purchasers take part more socially to advance their concern. Constructing a attractive web site may take more sum of clip and attempts. Geting ranked in hunt engine can take old ages, in order to construct a competitory place. Social media selling helps you to acquire immense sum of traffic in a individual twenty-four hours. Once you become cognizant of societal media tools the it would be easy for you to catch audience and to fulfill their demands. The fast growing of Social Media Marketing shows the hereafter of cyberspace in societal media selling. The major participants in the societal media market may revolutionise themselves in class off clip and online concern peoples besides have to alter their tendencies harmonizing to it. With societal media marketing you can easy vie with the opposite numbers and achieve the terminal in concern. The Value of Marketing through Social News Web sites For those who do nt understand or see the value of societal media web sites, allow s take a expression at the benefits of making viral content and efficaciously advancing them through societal media channels. Developing nexus come-ons and successfully acquiring it popular on assorted societal media web sites like Digg and StumbleUpon will take to multiple benefits fo

Elements of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Poetry - Essay Example However, a closer reading demonstrates several similarities in the poems. Both the narrators are young boys who describe a small incident in their childhood. These little vignettes mirror the entire father-son relationship of the two pairs. Although the point of view, image and diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† depict contrasts in character, scene and mood, both poems are similar in highlighting the deep love which characterizes the father-son relationship. The point of view in the poems shows the contrasting characters of the fathers. Both â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† are narrated from the point of view of the little boys. The poems are seen through the lens of memory, when the narrators look back on childhood scenes from the perspective of adults. Although the poems are superficially plain to understand, there is a hidden complexity in the voice of the speakers. Roethke’s little boy portrays his father as a large man, living life to the full and exuding a joie-de-vivre which is captivating to a child. His father dances, romps with gay abandon and keeps time with the rhythm of the waltz by beating time on his son’s head. ... The reticence of the father results in the child â€Å"speaking indifferently to him† (Hayden, 9). However, the adult narrator is deeply aware of â€Å"the great hurt of the recollection† (Gallagher, 245) of his cruel indifference and the entire poem is suffused with the voice of regret. The image of the poems depicts completely different scenes. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is set in the kitchen and there is an impression of intimate warmth. The room is filled with family: the father, the mother and the child. The image is that of a home in which there is close interaction among the members. The picture of kitchen shelves stacked with pots and pans suggests the comfort of food. The image of the father carrying the little boy to bed conveys the impression that the child is accustomed to being put to sleep by the father – an expression of parental concern and time spent together. In contrast, the image of â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† is one of uncomp romising cold. The house appears to be empty; there is no sign of the mother. Even when the father â€Å"made banked fires blaze,† (Hayden, ---4/5), the cold persists as â€Å"The warmth of the fire does not penetrate the atmosphere† (Gallgher, 245). The all-pervasive cold is not only physical but also extends to the cold indifference of the little boy to his father. The diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† effectively portrays the mood of the poems. In â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† â€Å"the rollicking rhythms of the poem; the playfulness of a rime like dizzy and easy; the joyful suggestions of the words waltz, waltzing, and romped† (Fong, 78), all indicate a little boy’s joy in this play with his

Summarize statistical paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summarize statistical paper - Essay Example To convert mass into energy one needs to cause mass defect by fission of heavy nuclides like U235 and Pu239; which is done inside a nuclear reactor using nuclear fuel elements. In this process, lot of radioactive waste is generated, which needs to be stored safely for very long periods of time (thousands of years). However, there is no precedence available on safe storage of such materials over such a period of time; therefore, whatever is the existing knowledge level is utilized for this purpose. These radioactive wastes are stored in a sealed metallic canisters and these canisters are then stored in repository considered to be safe. However, the incidents of activity leakage do occur and there are certain causes of the leakage and certain probability associated with the causes of leakage and to the activity leakage itself. It is therefore, relevant to understand probability. There are outcomes of any event; like if a coin is tossed it will end up with either a head or a tail. With each outcome there is an associated probability or a chance. As there are only two possible outcomes of this event and each of the outcomes is equally likely, therefore, the probability of getting either a head or a tail is  ½. Similarly one can extend the outcome and say that for a unbiased dice; chances of getting either of the six numbers is 1/6. These arguments can be extended further to calculate probability of different outcomes associated with an event. Probabilities are very important in modern day life as application of this concept is embedded in almost every sphere of our life. Let us proceed further to discuss somewhat complex situation. Let us take an example in which three plates R, G and B are kept in a box and each of the three plates is having identical sized balls of colors Red, Green and Black respectively. If a person is asked to draw a ball from this box, without looking inside the box, then probability that he draws a ball from either of the plates R,

Why is HIV-AIDs so prominent an issue in post-apartheid South Africa Essay

Why is HIV-AIDs so prominent an issue in post-apartheid South Africa Does religion offer solutions or exacerbate the problems - Essay Example However, the transition from apartheid to democracy was largely obscured by a HIV/AIDS crisis.1 A large number of the South African population have adopted traditionalists policies aimed at managing sexuality and thus controlling the spread of AIDS. These practices and policies are embedded in religious and ritualistic practices and beliefs that involve circumcising boys and testing girls for virginity prior to marriage.2 This research study analyses the traditionalist religious approach to controlling the spread of AIDS in post-apartheid South Africa and argues that rather than offer solutions, traditionalist religion exacerbates the problems. This research study is therefore divided into three main parts. The first part of the paper provides details of the HIV/AIDS crisis in post-apartheid South Africa and analyses why HIV/AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in post-apartheid South Africa. The second part of this research study defines and analyses traditionalist religion in post -apartheid South Africa. The third part of this paper analyses the role of religion, particularly the traditionalist religion in countering the HIV/AIDS crisis in South Africa. HIV/AIDS in Post-Apartheid South Africa HIV/AIDS ... On average life expectancy in South African fell from 64 years of age in 1994 to 49 years of age in 2001.5 The United Nations reported that the number of children orphaned as a result of AIDS in South Africa by 2001 was 700,000. In 2002, the number of orphans as a result of AIDS was 120,000 and 150,000 in 2003.6 USAID reports that as of 2011, South Africa has the largest number of HIV/AIDS infections worldwide With the first reported case in 1982, the disease has reached epidemic proportions with 5.6 million South Africans living with either HIV or full blown AIDS. Moreover, South Africa’s infant and maternal mortality rate has increased steadily since the 1990s with AIDS largely attributed to the cause of infant and maternal mortality. AIDS is responsible for 42.5 per cent of maternal mortality and 35 per cent of infant mortality cases. While South Africa only represents 0.7 per cent of the global population, it is responsible for 28 per cent of the global HIV population.7 UN ICEF’s report on HIV and AIDs in South Africa notes that â€Å"HIV infection rates† among adolescent girls are â€Å"on average five times higher† than â€Å"among boys†.8 According to UNICEF, â€Å"this is largely due to girls’ biological and social vulnerability†.9 For the most part women depend on men for economic support and usually do not have adequate education facilities and are therefore more prone to â€Å"poverty, sexual exploitation, coercion and rape† and are susceptible to work in the sex trade.10 Complicating matters for women, when they contract HIV or full blown AIDS they suffer heightened levels of gender discrimination. Women typically test

The Mid Valley Megamall Tourism Essay

The Mid Valley Megamall Tourism Essay In the previous chapter, secondary data such as books, journals and online journals are used to conduct the literature review. In this chapter, primary data is collected through the case study. This chapter will cover the research framework consists of research purpose, research method, sampling method, research instrument and information collected from the case study. The analysis of the data is discussed in the next chapter. This case study is conducted for the purpose of investigating the level of customer satisfaction of the local customers towards the performance of a shopping centre. Mid valley megamall is chosen as the subject in case study. The time frame for the whole research is 1 month. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK First of all, the measurement objectives must be specified in order to simplify the research process. Basically, there are four types of customer satisfaction survey which is based on the measurement objectives of the research (Vavra, 2002). Since this research is used to investigate the level of performance of a shopping centre from the customers satisfaction in general, thus, it is known as overall status survey. According to Vavra, overall status survey is emphasized more on the general issues, overall performance, and overall customers satisfaction. (2002) RESEARCH METHOD AND PURPOSE This research is conducted using quantitative research method. From the customer satisfaction survey, the research information collected from the sample is the primary data. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of customers satisfaction in a shopping centre, to identify the actual need of customers through the distribution of questionnaires to the sample and to clarify whether the performance meet the customers expectations. POPULATION AND SAMPLING METHOD Sampling method is a method of choosing a group of peoples from the entire target population in order to obtain the required information. Basically, there are two types of sampling designs: probability and non-probability. This research has adopted non probability sampling technique which is most suitable for a widely dispersed population such as the customers of Mid Valley Megamall. It is impossible to use the probability sampling method for this research due to the difficulty in identifies the target populations as it is too large for research. The sample is selected to estimate the gross results because less cost and time required and the sample is easily obtained while compared with the probability sampling technique. The target populations for this research are the Malaysian customers of Mid Valley Megamall and the sample is limited to adult from 18 to 50 years old. This sample is chosen because these groups of person visit the shopping mall more frequently than other demographic profile. The sample size of 100 customers ranged from 18 to 50 years old is considered as representative of Malaysian customers of Mid Valley Megamall. 3.4 DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRE Questionnaire is used as research instrument for this study. The questionnaires are prepared according to the objectives which set up at the beginning. In order to obtain better response from the sample, the questionnaires are designed to be simple and easy to be understood. If the length of the questionnaires is too long, it will affect the rate of response. According to Vavra, there are four types of question can be collected, namely facts, attitudes, prediction behavior and demographics. (2002). Diversified types of question are more interesting for the customers. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The first section is about the demographic profile of the respondent. The objective is to know the respondents background. The second section is about the general information regarding the relationship between the respondents and the shopping mall. Besides, it is used to identify the actual need of the customers. The third section is about the investigation on the level of satisfaction of the customers from the sample chosen towards the location, product performance, staff, building layout, infrastructure and facilities provided in the shopping mall. This section is important in determine whether the shopping mall meet the requirements of the customers. Furthermore, it includes the recommendations from the customers in order to help the shopping mall to enhance their performance in the future. 3.5 SCALE For the questionnaire, every question has its own response options such as open-ended response and close-ended response. Open-ended questions require the opinions of the customers regarding the overall performance of the shopping mall. Close-ended questions are more efficient and quantifiable because it consists of numeric scales which used by the customers to express their feelings in a simple way. The scale is known as Likert Scale. The 5-point numerical scale is adopted which ranging from 1 to 5, 1 represents not satisfied, 2 represents somewhat dissatisfied, 3 represents neither satisfied or dissatisfied, 4 represents somewhat satisfied and 5 represents strongly satisfied. The scale help the respondents to make a clear decision based on their level of satisfaction. 3.6 DISTRIBUTION METHOD Distribution method also known as field method and it defined as the way used by the interviewer to distribute the questionnaires to the sample. The questionnaires in research are distributed to the customers personally at the Mid Valley Megamall and at the same time they return the questionnaires. 3.7 CASE STUDY: MID VALLEY MEGAMALL 3.71 BACKGROUND Mid Valley Megamall is one of the Malaysias largest urban development projects in the world. It was one of the projects inside the Mid Valley City. Mid Valley City desires to be the most modern and integrated mixed-use developments in the world. The construction starts in year 1995. At present, it comprises Mid Valley Megamall, Cititel Hotel, Menara IGB, Boulevard Offices, Boulevard Hotel, Northpoint Mid Valley City, Centrepoint North and South Towers, The Gardens Retail Gallery, The Gardens Hotel, The Gardens Residences and two landmark office towers. IGB Corporation Berhad, a property and investment holding company listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad is the developer of Mid Valley City while the Mid Valley Megamall is owned and operated by Kris Assets Holdings Berhad, a listed IGB subsidiary company. A two dimension master plan of Mid Valley City is enclosed in appendix. 3.72 DESCRIPTIONS OF MID VALLEY MEGAMALL Mid Valley Megamall is selected for the case study. Mid Valley Megamall is launched in year 1995 and it was opened in November 1999. Mid Valley Megamall is a complex consists of a shopping mall, an office tower block, 30 signature offices and two hotels. It is the first shopping mall comprises four successful anchor tenants, namely Jaya Jusco, Metrojaya, Carrefour and Golden Screen Cinemas. Besides, it comprises 13 junior and mini anchors and 403 specialty shops. Mid Valley Megamall has a gross floor area of 4.5 million square feet and net lettable area exceeds 1.7 million square feet. Mid Valley City is planned and developed as a City in a CityMid Valley Megamall is a key part of Mid Valley City. It was awarded the Best Shopping Complex Award 2000 by Tourism Malaysia and Best Retail Development Award 2001 by FIABCI Malaysia (International Real Estate Federation). Mid Valley Megamall is a good choice for the local residents and foreign tourists. Jusco is the Malaysias shopping retailing chain and supermarkets Carrefour is the largest hypermarket chain in the world in terms of size and the second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue and third largest in terms of profit. It occupies one floor of Mid Valley Megamall. It provides a wide range of products, from fresh farm products, colourful seafood to household brands. Metrojaya occupied three floors of Mid Valley Megamall and offers wide range of local and international quality products which cater the need of medium and high income groups. Golden Screen Cinemas is the Malaysias largest chain of cinema which offers 18 screens and provides 2899 comfortable seats and spacious leg room. GSC not only brings you the best blockbuster, but also the international screening. Figure: Four Anchor Tenants of Mid Valley Megamall 3.73 MISSION AND VISION Mid Valley Megamall is aimed to fulfilling everyones needs. In order to achieve the mission, the highly energetic and talented professionals are appointed in departments. In fact, Mid Valley Megamall emphasizes on their service standard and it wishes to create a modern and stylish shopping paradise for their customers. As long as the customers are in the Mid Valley Megamall, they will make sure everyone enjoy the services and products provided. Besides, Mid Valley Megamall aims to maintain the growth of the shopping mall in the competitive retail industry. 3.74 FACTORS INFLUENCE THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY Mid Valley Megamall is strategically located between Kuala Lumpur Central Business District and Petaling Jaya. It is located in a convenient location that can be easily accessible from all corners on the Klang Valley. Besides it is surrounded by Petaling Jaya, Bangsar and Damansara. There is a KTM Komuter train-stop and a LRT Station nearby while taxis are available at the entrances of Centre, North and South Courts. The KTM commuter station can be accessed through a covered pedestrian bridge to the Megamall. Its believed to bring an average of 10,000 passengers each day. The station is disable-friendly, and facilities comprise toilets, lifts, covered platforms, ticket and information counters and ticket vending machines. Furthermore, Mid Valley has offers free complimentary shutter bus services (Trinton Bus) at an interval of 30 minutes to 1 hour that travel between Bangsar LRT Station and Mid Valley South Court. Other option of transportation is the public transport available, the detail information about public transport is shown in figure. Figure: The KTM Route (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website) Monday-Thursday Friday-Sunday Services available at every 30* minutes intervals *Subject to traffic conditions Form Bangsar LRT Station First Departure: 8.05 am Last Departure: 10.40pm From Mid Valley Megamall First Departure: 8.10am Last Departure: 10.45pm Form Bangsar LRT Station First Departure: 8.05 am Last Departure: 10.40pm From Mid Valley Megamall First Departure: 8.10am Last Departure: 10.55pm No shuttle services between these time 10.55am 11.25am 3.10pm 4.10pm 7.30pm 8.00pm No shuttle bus services between there times 10.55am 11.25am 2.45pm 3.45pm 7.15pm 7.45pm Figure: Bus Schedule for Shutter Bus (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website) Bus No Bus Route Frequency Bus Stop Location T631 University LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall University LRT Station 20 30 min North Court U66 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Brickfields Mid Valley Megamall Taman Medan 15 20 min North Court South Court U84 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall Kelana Jaya 15 20 min North Court South Court U85 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall SS2 Seapark 15 20 min North Court South Court U87 Klang Bus Stand KL Sentral Bangsar LRT Station Mid Valley Megamall Bangsar Park 15 20 min North Court South Court Figure: General Bus Services (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website.) Mid Valley Megamall can be accessed through five major highways and two railway lines. In the future, the improvement of road and public transportation will be done. It includes a designated monorail station, a link bridge to the Putra LRT Station and the upgrading of internal traffic flow. Being located in between Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya, an amount of RM250 million was invested in constructing a flyover and enhance the network of road for the purpose to connect the Federal Highway and all the major catchment and residential suburbs or businesses premises within Klang Valley to Mid Valley Megamall. The location plan is enclosed in appendix X. Meanwhile, the location of the department stores is also very important for the convenient of the customers. INFRASTRUCTURES AND FACILITIES Mid Valley consists of four entrances located at the direction of east, south, north and west respectively. Information Counters are available in Centre, North and South Court at ground floor. They are willing to assist those customers by showing a helpful attitude. In terms of car parking, Mid Valley is provided 4000 car parks in order to cater the need of high crowd during peak hours. Effective from 5 May 2008, the basement car parks of Mid Valley Megamall The Gardens Mall were separated where the car parks for Mid Valley Megamall are zones A and C. The exact location of the parking area is shown in the plan enclosed in appendix. Figure: New Car Park Rates effective 26 March 2007 until the present. (Source: Mid Valley Megamall official website.) Besides, Mid Valley Megamall also provides washrooms and baby changing facilities. The washrooms provided for the benefit of all the customers while the baby changing facilities are provided for the benefit of a mother. In addition, Mid Valley Megamall is comprises five lifts which enable the customers to travel from floor to floor. Escalators also available at East, South and North Court and there are two travelators that connecting the lower ground floor with basement which is very convenient for the customers. A proper floor plan is enclosed in appendix for further clarification of the exact location for the facilities and infrastructures. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Mid Valley consists of five floors where each floor is specifying for certain products and services. Lower ground floor is for daily essentials such as hypermarket, supermarket, pharmacies and money-changers. Besides, this floor is providing a numerous fast food outlet and local delights. Ground floor is mainly for the adults which include the apparel, footwear, accessories, beauty care, health care, bookstore and others essential items that fulfill the desires of an adult. First floor is the paradise for a kid, which include the fashion for kids, beauty and hair saloons for the adults. Second floor is specialized for those who wish to decorate their house. Besides, IT Centre is also available in this floor to cater the need of young generation in the ever changing technology of the world. Third floor is for entertainment such as Golden Screen Cinemas, Mid Valley Exhibition Centre, Pets Wonderland, Cosmic Bowl, Megakidz and a food court. Besides the products, the proper display area also being taken into consideration in order to be easily accessible by the customer. Mid valley is able to stimulate customers to spend more time and money in Mid Valley through the visual display merchandising. The store directory: Anchors Accessories Apparel Discounters Entertainment Exhibition/ Property Showroom Food and Beverage Health/ Personal Care Houseware and Furnishings Information Technology Jewellery Leisure Luggage Shoes and Bags Sporting Goods and Apparel Sundry and Services Tailoring Textile Watches and Pens Mid Valley Megamall also provides certain services for the convenience of the customers. The services provided: ATMs Banks Cobbler Laundrette Money Changers Post Office Alteration Shop Clinic Dentist Locksmith Newstands Print Shop STAFF In addition, Mid Valley Megamall is continually investing in a comprehensive staff training and skills development programme which aimed at improving both the soft and hard skills of the staff and enable them to perform their responsibilities in a right manner. The quality and attitude of the staffs will be indirectly affecting the level of customer satisfaction towards Mid Valley Megamall. The important qualities of the staffs are friendliness, helpfulness, communication skill and responsiveness. BUILDING LAYOUT Challenge of the management team of Mid Valley Megamall is to ensure the customers willing to visit Mid Valley Megamall repeatedly. Mid Valley Megamall is a customer-centric shopping centre which offers best and wide range of services. It is operated by an experienced team of industry experts to ensure the innovative marketing and leasing initiatives. Besides, Mid Valley Megamall was invested over millions in comprehensive store renovation and upgrading activities in order to improve and enhance the malls environment. In terms of marketing, Mid Valley Megamall has planned the promotion aggressively with the mission to provide the delightful shopping experience to the shoppers. In order to bring excitement and hour of enjoyment to the shoppers, visual merchandising are used in creating a unique atmosphere for the public and enhance the competitiveness of Mid Valley Megamall. The marketing and promotional activities are supported by themed and strong-concept in-house events throughout the mall such as Mid Valley Megamall Fashion Week 2009 which introduce the hottest spring or summer collections through the fabulous design and chic runway shows. This show is designated for the fashion lover. During different festivals such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Merry Christmas celebration, Mid Valley Megamall will decorate the centre court into atmosphere with unique and attractive theme. Mid Valley Megamall was the only shopping mall in Asia that achieved international recognition in MAXI Awards ceremony held in Hollywood last year. This award is organized by International Council of Shopping Centres. For the Hari Raya celebration 2008, Mid Valley Megamall themed as Cherish The Good Old Days in a Brand New Way that create a harmony atmosphere. This unique theme help Mid Valley Megamall won in the Visual Merchandising category of the MAXI Award. 3.5 SUMMARY This chapter has discussed about the research process which include the research framework, research method and purpose, population of questionnaire, the scale for the questions and distributing method. A case study in Mid Valley Megamall has been discussed in this chapter; it includes the background, description, mission and vision of Mid Valley Megamall. Furthermore, the factors that influences the customer satisfaction being discussed for the case study of Mid Valley Megamall. The factors are location and accessibility, infrastructure and facilities, product and services, staff and building layout.

Memory Strategies Essay -- essays research papers

Memory Strategies 2 Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The research is demonstrating the use of memory strategy in an educational setting; this study examines the use of chunking on telephone numbers by students on campus. There were a total of 40 students that participated, and they were split into two groups consisting of 20 students per group. The control group used chunking as their memory strategy for memorizing a list of 10 telephone numbers. In contrast, the experimental group has used no specific strategy to memorize the list of numbers that was given to them. Each group was given 15 minutes to memorize their list of 10 telephone numbers and they had 5 minutes to write it down on paper. People that used memory strategies has shown to have memorized more telephone numbers, than people who don’t use any memory strategy to remember their list of numbers. Memory Strategies 3 Memory Strategies and Chunking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People have shown to have better recall on certain tasks when they use specific memory strategies. There are many types of strategies that people can use to improve their memory, but everyone has an effective strategy that suites them most. For activities involving memorizing a list of 10 telephone numbers, chunking would be the best method because it helps aids the sequence of numbers. People can remember about seven items give or take two, which is between five and nine items (Shiffrin, R. M., & Nosofsky, R. M. 1994). There’s a certain amount of items that everyone can store in their short-term memory. That’s why it’s important for people to find an effective way of remembering all of the information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relatively large amounts of information are contained in a small number of units by chunking items together into composite units (Bousfield, A. K., & Bousfield, W. A. 1966). A strategy like chunking can be used to break larger units into smaller ones, so people can have an easier way of comprehending the information that is given to them. This process of separating the items can help a person learn things step by step, which increases their chances of recall. Telephone numbers can be separated into 3 groups, for instance 847 - 504 – 8761. People can start by memorizing 847, then 504 and finally 8761, instead of trying to remember the numbers all together.... ...nbsp; 14. Tape Recorded Lecture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this study, 13 people have answered â€Å"No,† when they were asked if they used any specific memory strategies. There was 10 people that has used the recall and recite method to memorize things, 8 people used word association to try relate materials to something their familiar with. Also, there were 7 people that wrote information down in order to rehearse it, while 5 people used flashcards to go over their material. There are 3 groups of 2 people that used color coding, reading things out loud and making a note to remember things. On the contrary, there are 5 groups of memory strategies that a person has used: they practice with others, meditate; remember things by listening, sing a song or rhyme and tape-recorded the lecture. The students who have used memory strategies mentioned above, are the ones that have scored higher on recall. Memory Strategies 12 N= 40 (19 Hispanic/Spanish Descent, 13 Black/African-American, 7 Asian/ Pacific Islander & 1 Other) N= 40 (32 Females & 8 Males)

Grammatical Tenses and English Test Date

Name English Test Date : April 9, 12 G. R. I. T Dep. First Year Duration : min Read the following text, then answer the questions below: Sidney Fisk Work: Sidney Fisk is a lawyer. He’s 45 years old . He’s paid very well, but he usually has to work long hours. He works for an international company in Dallas, Texas, so he travels a lot in his job. At the moment he’s working in Mexico, and next week he’s travelling to France. Home Life: Sidney is married and he’s got two children, aged 11 and 14. He rarely sees his children because so much of his time is spent away from home.He’s got a beautiful house in the suburb of Dallas. It’s very big with eight bedrooms. His wife is an interior designer. Free Time: If he’s at home at the weekend , he and his wife sometimes play golf , but that doesn’t happen very often . They never have much time to relax together . Is he happy : He says he doesn’t know if he’s happy . He ’s too busy to think about it . Questions : 1- What are the good things about Sidney’s life ? ( 1pt ) 2- What are the bad things about Sidney’s life ? ( 1 pt ) 3- Do you think his life is exciting or boring ?Would you like to have a life like Sidney’s ? State why ? (2 pts ) 4- What are the ingredients for happiness in your opinion ? State at least three and justify your answer . ( 1. 5 pt ) 5 – Pick out from the text words that may have the same meaning as the following :(1. 5 pt ) A -Corporation b – go from one place to another c- away from city 6 – Pick out from the text :(2 pts) a- Simple present tense and justify its use b- Present continuous tense c- Two adjectives and state the word each modifies d- Two jobs

How to Become a Dietitian or Nutritionist

How to Become a Dietitian or Nutritionist As Americans face a growing obesity crisis and ever-growing awareness about how what we eat affects our health, medical professionals in the field of dietetics are key members of that front line. Behind every public program like healthier school lunch initiatives or campaigns to fight Type 2 diabetes, dietitians and nutritionists are the ones using science to set healthy food guidelines and diet plans. The Day-to-DayDietitians and nutritionists work in a variety of settings, from healthcare settings (hospitals and clinics) to government (public health agencies) to the private sector (food manufacturing and distribution companies). They may work directly with patients to create and maintain diet plans to lose weight or improve health, but they might also work on larger-scale public health programs to encourage healthy eating to broader populations. You can also find dietitians working on nutrition guidelines and food safety in the government or in private companies. Their tasks often include:Designing diets that target specific conditions, like obesity, diabetes, or high blood pressureHelping patients maintain diets for health or weight loss, and ensuring that patients are dieting safelyDeveloping nutrition programs for an entire facilityImproving accuracy in food labels and advertisingWorking with agencies and manufacturers to improve food safetyResearching how food and nutrition interact with the body and various conditionsEducating the public (broadly or in specific targeted populations) on nutrition, food safety, and healthy lifestyle practicesDietitians and nutritionists typically work a standard full-time work week in an office or clinic setting.  For more on dietetics and what it’s like to be a dietitian or nutritionist, check out these videos:A Day in the Life: DietitianHow to Become a Registered Dietitian/NutritionistAsk a Nutritionist with Shira LenchewskiIs Being a Nutritionist Right for You?The RequirementsMost dietitians and nutritionists h ave a bachelor’s degree, and have completed a residency, internship, or other form of supervised training. Most states require a license for dietitians and nutritionists, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements if you’d like to start down this career path.The SkillsThe dietetics field calls for a number of special skills and knowledge bases, including:Attention to detailMath and science (particularly biology, food science, and biochemistry)Critical thinkingPatient evaluationAnatomy and physiologyDisease managementPublic health implementationThe PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for dietitians/nutritionists is $56,950, or $27.38 per hour. In addition, the field offers a lot of fulfillment for its members. According to a survey conducted by PayScale, the average dietitian is â€Å"extremely satisfied† in his or her career.The OutlookAs mentioned before, the renewed focus on food and nutrition, both on a national a nd personal health level, means that this is a gangbusters-level field for growth. Openings in dietetics are expected to grow at least 16% by 2014, which is significantly faster than average.Interested? APPLY HERE

The on campus Chinese supermarket Essay Example

The on campus Chinese supermarket Essay Example The on campus Chinese supermarket Essay The on campus Chinese supermarket Essay Cathay YA is a sole trader business that specializes in retailing Chinese foods, seasonings and international phone card on campus. We want to penetrate the retail market on campus with traditional and fresh oriental competitive products. Due to the rapid increase of higher education Chinese student population and the demand of Chinese foods, we expect to easily exceed our financial forecasts. The company Cathay YAs goal is to be the market leader in serving university students (mainly Asian) Chinese foods, seasonings and phone cards. We will do our best to know the customers demand and keep in touch with them closely to provide whatever they need. The first Cathay YA will be opened in the centre campus of Warwick University. As the entrepreneur of such a business, I am an undergraduate of Warwick University; who is enthusiastic, creative, and has good relationships with main Asian societies of university and local Chinese restaurants. My sister who graduated with a degree on accounting and finance will help me with accounts maintain and keep good records of my business. The market The rate of Chinese students entering U. K. for higher education is increased dramatically. The number of Asian students of university of Warwick is about 1,800 according to the university profit 2002. Our main customers include university students, staffs and visitors of Arts Centre and Sports Centre. Our main supplier is Far Orient Food Ltd Co in Birmingham. Financial considerations Cathay YA has an initial start up cost of approximately 10,000. We project out monthly break even will by roughly   3,648 or 81 units (20kg rice). The attractiveness of our price and products will provide us with a sales level far above this break-even point. We expect to generate   19,580 of the net profit on   49,000 worth of sales in the first year (see appendix table: cash flow). Objectives Our first object is building good reputation in University of Warwick. In the first year, the profit will not be our unique goal. At the beginning stage, we need get customers trust and welcome. The second stage is enhancing our goods range to satisfy more demand from customers. Hopefully, Cathay YA will become a new retail star in campus instead of Costcutter in three years time. Company summary. Company ownership It is a sole trader business, operated by me, my sister and Lei Diao from computer science department. I am taking charge for the whole management; my sister will do all the fairs associated with finance. Company locations and facilities Cathay YA rents 90 square meters at centre campus from university of Warwick, for display and stock room. It locates where very close to Rootes Reception, Student Union, Arts Centre and Rootes Residences.

Management Theory and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Theory and Practice - Essay Example The leaders, especially political leadership of the nations therefore, become major enabling elements of change. The paper would be discussing the leadership dynamics of Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of unified Germany. Angela Merkel, an exemplary leader of contemporary times Angela Merkel was an academician who had plunged into politics when efforts for unifying Germany had started with the fall of Berlin wall. Her party, ‘Democratic Awakening’ merged with Helmut Kohl’s ‘Christian Democratic Union’ in 1990. She was the last spokesperson for DDR, East Germany party. She had become the youngest federal minister in Germany in 1991 when she was made part of reshuffled cabinet of Kohl as federal minister, Women and Youth from 1991 to 1994. She was minister of Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety, 1994-98. She continued to excel in her designated ministerial position and rose within the party position to take up Chairpersonship of CDU i n Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 1993-2000. Her meteoric rise to General Secretary and later as Chairman of CDU had finally culminated in her becoming the Chancellor of unified Germany in 2005 (Mills, 2007). Her leadership has been unique in many ways. She was the only woman leader who had rapidly gained popularity in the otherwise male dominated political arena of Germany. Her leadership was also exceptional because she had become a major representative of former East Germany and a symbol of new unified nation that promoted a policy of non differentiation and non partisan. Merkel has defied the gender stereotype that makes it difficult for women candidates to excel in adverse conditions. Her leadership style, decision making model and her inherent leadership traits became her major strength in a volatile socio-political environment of new face of unified Germany. Leadership style The fall of Berlin Wall was momentous occasion in the history of Germany. It not only signified a new politica l equation of Germany on the world map but it also bespoke of the change that Germans were ready to embrace. Her fast track political career could best be attributed to her mixed style of leadership comprising of situational and transformational leadership style. She believed in taking advantage of the situation and ensured her position through strategic decisions that were designed to promote her long term goals of gaining political power. She did not hesitate to criticise her mentor, Kohl, in 1998 when he became embroiled in a major scandal involving donation. It was an opportune moment to gain political leverage which she took and became Chairperson of CDU, the major political party of unified Germany (Langguth, 2005). Merkel is a leader who intrinsically believes that dynamic reforms are needed to bring in constructive change for socio-cultural and economic stability of the country. Bass (1999, p9) argues succinctly ‘transformational leader emphasizes what you can do for y our country..’. Merkel introduced dramatic reforms in the foreign policy. Hill (2010) affirms that Merkel has displayed exemplary leadership initiatives in ‘five critical areas:Â  the economic crisis, social policy, global warming, foreign policy and, perhaps most importantly, in refashioning capitalism in the face of its near collapse’. It clearly shows her confidence in reforms for the wider welfare of Germany. Traits As a highly effective transformational

Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing - Coursework Example This individual would be old enough to own a credit card for making the purchases and is adventurous to try out new products/services because these make up most of the discounted offers. Groupon.com has carved out a unique market space, considering that it offers diverse products and services, which makes it difficult to evaluate whether it has traditional direct competitors. Of course its success has made numerous clones to pop up across the globe (Wauters, 2010) but it is possible that it still has market leadership in this new market space. Its major strengths are its brand as the trailblazer, its huge market presence, and its large financial backing of about US$ 1.2 billion. Its big weaknesses are that its business model is easy to replicate and therefore it may face difficulty in sustaining its first-mover competitive advantage. Groupon.com’s greatest opportunity is in the ease with which it can extend to more cities in the world. Currently it is leveraging its brand by extending its offering to willing collaborators through its Groupon Affiliate Program. Its major threat is the low barriers to entry or threat of forward integration posed by its suppliers. The macro-environmental climate appears favorable for Groupon.com.

The Going Public Strategy from Reagan to Bush Essay

The Going Public Strategy from Reagan to Bush - Essay Example Richard Nuestadt once claimed, â€Å"we have not so much a government of separated powers as a government of separated institutions sharing powers† (qtd Hendrick (1988) p. 15).   Since George Washington first stepped into office American presidents have had to pass their initiatives through Congress.   The high hopes Presidents have when they come to office can quickly be smashed by a majority of the opposing party in either house.   As a result of this, Presidents have to use various means to help them in their quest for passing bills through Congress.   One of the most prominent of these is going public on issues of great importance, such as passing a budget or reforming an important area of government.   In addition, Samuel Kernel believes that this public leadership strategy has become even more of a necessity in an era where members of Congress act as â€Å"free agents, ignoring traditional institutional arrangements in favor of public pressure from constituent s and interest groups† (qtd in Mathew Corrigan) Bargaining between the Presidency and the legislature has become, to a large extent, ineffective.Presidencies in the Age of InformationThe impact in the growth and importance of media, especially television, over the last thirty years has been essential in the promotion of going public strategies.   Corrigan (2001) claims that in the information age of the new century, â€Å"presidents have new outlets to go public.   Media outlets such as CNN, Fox News, and C-Span provide national coverage to even minor public addresses. Video-teleconferencing offers the president the ability to speak to groups across the country from the Oval Office.† The Reagan Presidency No administration was more sharply affected by the media boom than Ronald Reagan’s. A master at video politics, Reagan took advantage of his public appeal to the fullest extent. Jacobs and Shapiro (2001) claim that, â€Å"the Reagan years are pivotal in understanding recent and future developments regarding the relationship between public opinion and presidential behaviour.† Reagan’s reputation as a strong president was built to a large extent through media portrayals. Riding on the wave of high public opinion Reagan appealed to the public to accept the proposed reversal in tax and spending policies outlined in the budget of 1981. The attempt on his life by John W. Hinckely, Jr., was the last media boost he needed to push through his reforms. Lewis (2001) claims that, â€Å"During the first two years of the Reagan presidency, for example, the press continually

An Integral Part Of A Democratic State Essay Example for Free

An Integral Part Of A Democratic State Essay Elections are an integral part of a democratic state. The argument is sometimes put forward that participatory democracy should be the basis for a whole political system, a replacement for parliamentary democracy. Representative institutions based on one person one vote determine the principles and general direction of an elected government. Participatory democracy can monitor the work of the executive and state apparatus. The importance of process Take waste. The same principles of daily and ongoing democratic processes could be applied to education, transport, and social services. Formally, representative democracy does have the final say. Participatory democracy, in a complementary relationship to electoral power, thus has the potential to move societies further towards the democratic ideals of popular control and political equality. I believe that a strong and aware civil society keeps their elected representatives on their toes, by asking questions through organized interest groups all of whom press their causes on government, sometimes through political parties and through independent lobbies. Participatory democracy provides a real alternative, or complement, to elected power: a distinct and organized public sphere in which the demands of the people can be articulated, developed and negotiated between each other, and finally negotiated with the local or other relevant state institutions. Conditions for participatory growth In order for participatory democracy to attain legitimacy and reinvigorate democratic politics as a whole, certain conditions need to be in place. The aim for participatory institutions is essentially to share decision-making power with government, to exercise some control over the work of state institutions and to monitor the implementation of governments decisions. The process must get results; in the sense that these parties are able to use their electoral legitimacy to emphasize the importance of the participatory process. If participatory democracy spreads, the institutions of representative government may lose some power to the new participatory sphere. The new systems of managing public resources through a combination of electoral and participative democracy bring an overall gain in democratic legitimacy and as a result, potentially, in democratic power. I believe that participatory democracy and the election process should be in the forefront in advocating transparency among government officials and their constituents. It is also important that citizens should be more aware and involved because the main argument of a democracy is the constant participation of people with regards to political debates and decisions. Without the people’s involvement, government leaders will not hold positions of power in the first place. Grassroots parties that are well represented inside the halls of congress should not just advocate the things that they think are important, but they also should stand as role models for the people who do not have the chance everyday to sit in a position of power. It is inevitable in a democracy that sometimes elections become an issue in itself. With this in my mind, I believe that people who go out to vote and those who pass on the opportunity to vote must always respect the final verdict whether it favors them or not. Yes, it is an issue because sometimes it is very easy for people to point fingers and start up a rumor that an election is fixed. For me, the only solution for this issue is to improve the way elections are being held. As a voter myself, it would also help if we encourage our society to go out and vote. Apathy sometimes can backfire on us. We should take care of our rights as citizens and voters to be more aware of the situation and act accordingly. By doing so, we protect ourselves from being short changed by the very institution, which the sole purpose is to protect us.