Family Dynamics Of Hispanic Families - 976 Words

Family Expectations Familismo. Latino parents expect their children to prioritize family needs over individual needs. Understanding the values within the Latino family is crucial to analyzing family influences on education. Furthermore, understanding Latino cultural values and analyzing how these values either are or aren’t replicated in the high school setting is crucial to understanding the success of the first†generation Latinain and out of high school. Cultural values which define the family dynamics of Latinos are: familismo (the value of family), comunidad (the value of community), and personalismo (the value of relationship), which are understood as presenting a sense of validation, mentorship, and cultural mirroring when transferred to the university setting (Castellanos Gloria, 2007). Comunidad or community is defined as a sense of responsibility for one’s community and is closely related to familismo, which is a sense of caring for and being responsible to one’s family and prioritizing family needs over personal ones (Castellanos Gloria, 2007; Sy Romero, 2008). Marianismo. In a culture strongly influenced by gender construction, marianismo is a value that emphasizes the self†sacrifice females must make while also stressing the importance of the family caretaker role Latinas are expected to fulfill in the family (Sy, 2006; Stevens, 1973). The female experience in the Latino family is of particular importance as Latina women have historically been raised toShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration On The New Country1280 Words   |  6 Pages III. Literature Review Amongst current events, immigration is one of the hotly debated topics of today. It’s will be a determining factor in the current U.S. presidential race. Hispanic/Latino immigrants are one of the fastest growing demographics in our populations and consideration of political value due to their impact on and to the economy. Their ethnicity makes them the subject of random criticism and plays a role in how well they assimilate into the US. How they are perceived and treatedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marriage And Divorce1490 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage and divorce has always been a tricky subject for many couples, the fear of rejection, starting a family or hurting their other counterpart can come to play in many situations throughout their relationship. Traditionally marriages were known to be a sacred bond between two individuals. This bond can be between two heterosexuals or two individuals of the same sex. On May 17th, 2004 Massachusetts became the first state to allow all same-sex marriages (Dinno 2013). In Canada same-sex marriagesRead MoreWomen During The Hispanic Culture Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in the Hispanic culture grow up with strong ties to their values, norms and how they were raised by their families. Parents instill a â€Å"machismo† and familism ideology into the upbringing of these women (Fuchsel, 2012). â€Å"Machismo† is a term to describe what is acceptable and expected of men (Fuschel,2012). Familism is, â€Å"the subordination of the personal interests and prerogatives of an individual to the values and demands of the family† (dictionary.com). An example of â€Å"machismo† is that it isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation1177 Words   |  5 Pageshigher than the national number. Top 3 reasons why these number persist according to Banking in Color results: Not having enough money, not trusting banks, and feeling that the account fees were too high, too unpredictable. Trust Family dynamics do matter among Latino families. They very much connected with tradition and heritage, and speak their Spanish language, and look after each other. While some studies showed that between generations tend to get away from their language and their heritage thisRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children s Children926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), showed obesity among Hispanic children was 22.4% in 2011-2012 (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts,† 2015). According to a recent report conducted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic children are at a heightened risk for obesity and comorbidities associated with obesity (Pulgaron, Patino-Fernandez, Sanchez, Carrillo, Delamater, 2013). Obesity in Hispanic children predisposes children and adolescents to bone and joint-relatedRead MoreHispanic Groups in the United States1260 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: HISPANIC GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES Hispanic Groups in the United States Harley D. Palmer ETH 125 September 5, 2010 Dr. Carol Grant Hispanics in the United States have a history rooted for centuries. Many different cultures make up this group dubbed ‘Hispanics’, each with their own identity, culture, and struggles. However, they do group together in a common fight to gain a more stable and positive foot hold in the U.S. Mexican Americans seem to have the strongestRead MoreHeritage Assessment1503 Words   |  7 PagesOF HISPANIC, ASIAN AND The Heritage Assessment of Hispanic, Asian and African American Families B.Cohran Grand Canyon University The Heritage Assessment of Hispanic, Asian and African American Families The Heritage Assessment Tool (HST) is used to â€Å"investigate a given patient’s or your own ethnic, cultural, and religious heritage†¦it can help determine how deeply a given person identifies with a particular tradition†. (prenhall.com). This assessment of 29 questions based on family, socialRead MoreThe Importance Of A Hispanic Woman During The 30 s For Bereavement Therapy Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Case Summary I began to see a hispanic woman in her late 30’s for bereavement therapy because she lost her son in a car accident 10 months ago. This client was referred to me by another therapist that was leaving the clinic and had seen her for a couple months prior. There was already an assessment done and diagnosis of Depression Unspecified 296.30 and a V-code of V62.82 Bereavement in her file. After several sessions with the Mother she disclosed past personal trauma going backRead MoreEssay on Professional Communication: Cultural Sensitivity1283 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication Cultural Sensitivity Paper No culture is growing at a faster pace than the Hispanic population, surpassing African Americans as the largest minority population in the United States. The Hispanic population increased from 35.3 million to 50.5 million in 2010. The intention of this paper is to increase the awareness and understanding of cultural competency and cultural sensitivity toward the Hispanic culture. Cultural competency cannot be overemphasized as it plays an imperative roleRead MoreHow Can We Minister More Effectively By Young Latino Catholics And Help Them Increase Their Participation774 Words   |  4 PagesCatholics under the age of thirty in the U.S. are Hispanics (according to the 2013 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults) it would certainly seem that increasing Hispanic teenagers participation in the Church would be beneficial not just for Hispanic families and communities, but also for the future Church in general. To effectively minister to Hispanic teenagers, an understanding of what is happening in their lives is crucial. Indeed, family plays a big part, but what we often neglect is

Who Were the Huguenots What Is Their History

The Huguenots were French Calvinists, active mostly in the sixteenth century.  They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. The battle between Huguenots and Catholics in France also reflected fights between noble houses. In America, the term Huguenot was also applied to French-speaking Protestants, especially Calvinists, from other countries, including Switzerland and Belgium. Many Walloons (an ethnic group from Belgium and part of France) were Calvinists. The source of the name â€Å"Huguenot† is not known. Huguenots in France In France, state and crown in the 16th century were aligned with the Roman Catholic Church. There was little influence of Luther’s reformation, but the ideas of John Calvin reached into France and brought the Reformation into that country. No province and few towns became explicitly Protestant, but the ideas of Calvin, the new translations of the Bible, and organization of congregations spread fairly quickly. Calvin estimated that by the middle of the 16th century, 300,000 French people had become followers of his Reformed religion. Calvinists in France were, the Catholics believed, organizing to take power in an armed revolution. The Duke of Guise and his brother, Cardinal of Lorraine, were particularly hated, and not just by the Huguenots. Both were known for keeping power by any means including assassination. Catherine of Medici, an Italian-born French queen consort who became Regent for her son Charles IX when her first son died young, opposed the rise of Reformed religion. Massacre of Wassy On March 1, 1562, French troops massacred Huguenots at worship and other Huguenot citizens in Wassy, France, in what is known as the Massacre of Wassy (or Vassy). Francis, Duke of Guise, ordered the massacre, reportedly after he’d stopped in Wassy to attend a Mass and found a group of Huguenots worshipping in a barn. The troops killed 63 Huguenots, who were all unarmed and unable to defend themselves. Over a hundred Huguenots were injured. This led to the outbreak of the first of several civil wars in France known as the French Wars of Religion, which lasted more than a hundred years. Jeanne and Antoine of Navarre Jeanne dAlbret (Jeanne of Navarre) was one of the leaders of the Huguenot party. Daughter of Marguerite of Navarre, she was also well-educated. She was a cousin of the French king Henry III, and had been married first to the Duke of Cleves, then, when that marriage was annulled, to Antoine de Bourbon. Antoine was in the line of succession if the ruling House of Valois did not produce heirs to the French throne. Jeanne became ruler of Navarre when her father died in 1555, and Antoine the ruler consort. On Christmas in 1560, Jeanne announced her conversion to Calvinist Protestantism. Jeanne of Navarre, after the massacre of Wassy, became more fervently a Protestant, and she and Antoine fought over whether their son would be raised as a Catholic or Protestant. When he threatened divorce, Antoine had their son sent to Catherine  de Medici’s court. In Vendome, Huguenots were rioting and attacked the local Roman church and Bourbon tombs. Pope Clement, an Avignon Pope in the 14th century, had been buried at an abbey at La Chaise-Dieu. During fighting in 1562 between Huguenots and Catholics, some Huguenots dug up his remains and burned them. Antoine of Navarre (Antoine de Bourbon) was fighting for the crown and on the Catholic side at Rouen when he was killed at Rouen, where a siege lasted from May to October of 1562. Another battle at Dreux led to the capture of a leader of the Huguenots, Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condà ©. On March 19, 1563, a peace treaty, the Peace of Amboise, was signed. In Navarre, Jeanne tried to institute religious tolerance, but she found herself opposing the Guise family more and more.  Philip of Spain tried to arrange a kidnapping of Jeanne. Jeanne responded by expanding more religious liberty for Huguenots. She brought her son back to Navarre and gave him a Protestant and military education. Peace of St. Germain Fighting in Navarre and in France continued. Jeanne aligned more and more with Huguenots, and undercut the Roman church in favor of the Protestant faith. A 1571 peace treaty between Catholics and Huguenots led, in March, 1572, to a marriage between Marguerite Valois, daughter of Catherine  de Medici and a Valois heir, and Henry of Navarre, the son of Jeanne of Navarre. Jeanne demanded concessions for the wedding, respecting his Protestant allegiance. She died in June 1572, before the marriage could take place. Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Charles IX was King of France at the marriage of his sister, Marguerite, to Henry of Navarre. Catherine de Medici remained a powerful influence. The wedding took place on August 18. Many Huguenots came to Paris for this significant wedding. On August 21, there was an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Gaspard de Coligny, a Huguenot leader. During the night between August 23 and 24, on orders of Charles IX, the military of France killed Coligny and other Huguenot leaders. The killing spread through Paris and from there to other cities and the country. From 10,000 to 70,000 Huguenots were slaughtered (estimates vary widely). This killing weakened the Huguenot party considerably, as most of their leadership had been killed. Of the remaining Huguenots, many re-converted to the Roman faith. Many others became hardened in their resistance to Catholicism, convinced that it was a dangerous faith. While some Catholics were horrified at the massacre, many Catholics believed that the killings were to prevent the Huguenots from seizing power. In Rome, there were celebrations of the defeat of the Huguenots, Philip II of Spain was said to have laughed when he heard, and the Emperor Maximilian II was said to be horrified. Diplomats from Protestant countries fled Paris, including Elizabeth I of England’s ambassador. Henry, Duke of Anjou, was the king’s younger brother, and he was key in the carrying out of the massacre plan. His role in the killings led Catherine of Medici to step back from her initial condemnation of the crime, and also led her to deprive him of power. Henry III and IV Henry of Anjou succeeded his brother as king, becoming Henry III, in 1574.  Fights between Catholic and Protestants, including among the French aristocracy, marked his reign. The â€Å"War of the Three Henries† pitted Henry III, Henry of Navarre, and Henry of Guise into armed conflict.  Henry of Guise wanted to completely suppress the Huguenots.  Henry III was for limited toleration. Henry of Navarre represented the Huguenots. Henry III had Henry I of Guise and his brother Louis, a cardinal, murdered in 1588, thinking this would strengthen his rule. Instead, it created more chaos. Henry III acknowledged Henry of Navarre as his successor. Then a Catholic fanatic, Jacques Clement, assassinated Henry III in 1589, believing he was too easy on the Protestants. When Henry of Navarre, whose wedding had been marred by the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, succeeded his brother-in-law as King Henry IV in 1593, he converted to Catholicism. Some of the Catholic nobles, especially the House of Guise and the Catholic League, sought to exclude from the succession anyone who was not Catholic. Henry IV apparently believed that the only way to bring peace was to convert, supposedly saying, â€Å"Paris is well worth a Mass.† Edict of Nantes Henry IV, who had been a Protestant before becoming King of France, in 1598 issued the Edict of Nantes, granting limited toleration to Protestantism within France. The Edict contained many detailed provisions. One, for instance, protected French Huguenots from the Inquisition when they were traveling in other countries. While protecting Huguenots, it established Catholicism as the state religion, and required Protestants to pay tithes to the Catholic church, and required them to follow Catholic rules of marriage and to respect Catholic holidays. When Henry IV was assassinated, Marie de Medici, his second wife, confirmed the edict within a week, making a Catholic massacre of Protestants less likely, and also reducing the chance of Huguenot rebellion. Edict of Fontainebleau In 1685, the grandson of Henry IV, Louis XIV, revoked the Edict of Nantes. Protestants left France in large numbers, and France found itself on worse terms with Protestant nations around it. Edict of Versailles Also known as the Edict of Tolerance, this was signed by Louis XVI on November 7, 1787. It restored freedom to worship to Protestants, and reduced religious discrimination. Two years later, the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in 1789 would bring complete religious freedom.

Essay on Drinking Water Is Healthy - 872 Words

Drinking Water 2 Drinking Water Keeps Us Healthy Drinking a healthy amount of water is vital to our health. We can never imagine just by increasing our water intake, we gain tremendous health benefits, and sometimes we can even throw away our migraine medicine or pain killer. Before we can appreciate the benefits of water to our health, let’s review the role of water in our body. We are always being told to drink more water but a lot us struggle to get through a set amount every day. We all need water, our bodies are made of about 70% water and all of our systems and vital organs require it to function. Water carries nutrients to all of our cells, flushes toxins from our kidneys, removes waste from our bowels, aids in our†¦show more content†¦It also clears and prevents our skin of acne. * It Improves Our Concentration: The brain is mostly water, so making sure you are getting enough keeps your brain functioning so you feel sharp and alert not foggy or weary. * It Boosts Our Energy: In the same way that not drinking enough water makes our brain slow down it has the same effect on our body. If we are dehydrated the body does not function as well causing us to lack energy and feel tired or lazy. * It is Good for Our Eyes: Our cornea is 80% water. Working long hours on the computer makes the eyes dry. Just closing our eyes for a few seconds every hour a nd blinking frequently allows liquid from the tear glands to moisturize and lubricate the cornea. * It Helps Maintain Fresh Breath: Dry mouths are breeding grounds for bad bacteria that cause bad breath, so drinking a glass of water can keep our mouth moist and breath fresh. Drinking Water 4 * It Reduces the Risk of Heart Attacks: Hydration is essential to help prevent clogging of arteries in the heart. * It Flushes Out Toxins and Reduces Our Risk of Disease and Infection: Water can help prevent kidney stones and reduce our chances of getting bladder, kidney, and urinary tract infections. It can improve our immune system. Every day we lose water through urination, respiration, and by sweating. If we are very active, we loseShow MoreRelatedLocal Drinking Water Case Study995 Words   |  4 Pagessubstances are in local drinking water. There are many things that can be found in drinking water that can be beneficial, harmful, or even neutral in some cases. These substances can change how the water tastes, such as copper, how it smells, like total dissolved solids, and there minerals like iron that can change the waters color. The tests that this study will cover will help determine the different substances found in water from different sources, like city water or well-water. Then after recordingRead MoreFree And Crystal Clear Water Rich Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagescontaminant-free and crystal clear water rich in minerals can do wonders to your health. Water is the lifeline of the universe, and we all are aware of its importance in our lives. Water not only helps in maintaining hydration in our body, but it also performs a number of functions vital to our body system. Have you ever wondered how water can help you getting a glowing skin or shiner hair? Studies conducted by healthcare and beauty experts report that mineral-rich pure water has a plethora of beauty benefitsRead MoreThe Effect Of Water Ingestion Improved Haemodynamic Responses On Gravitational Stress Serving As Therapeutic Relief Against Hypotension1607 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Previous studies found that water ingestion improved haemodynamic responses to gravitational stress serving as therapeutic relief against hypotension that can be debilitating for most patients. We hypothesized due to the fact that vitamin water is hypotonic in nature like water then it is likely to illicit the OPR to fuel inadequate sympathetic drive and help with symptoms like dizziness upon standing. However the effect of 500ml of water and vitamin water from the current study did not entirelyRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Water Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesDid you know that if a person waits until they are thirsty to drink water they may already be dehydrated? If a person is dehydrated they can suffer many health complications. These health issues can include headaches, joint pain, and can even be serve as depression. According to an online article from the Boston College website 2 out of every 3 people in America do not drink enough water. This is an epidemic that is haunting o ur nation. Many people are wondering why we have so many issues with ourRead MoreEssay On Integrated Water Management1101 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiments in order to help the world establish a better living environment. In the online article, Reducing sewer corrosion through integrated urban water management, it talks about how there is one way cities try to pick up wastewaters that is through the sewer system, take all the dirty waste. These pipes are set up all around the city to transport this water quickly and effectively throughout the city, this helps the city stay a bit cleaner and help physically by reducing health problems for the wholeRead MoreEssay on When Can Babies Drink Waterï ¼Å¸1195 Words   |  5 Pages Water is an important component of the body. Every cell and body organ depends on the presence of water for proper functioning. Parents are therefore hopeful that they can start their babies early on getting the healthy habit of drinking water. But before you give your little baby some water, read these useful tips for supplementing your babys water intake. When Can Babies Drink Waterï ¼Å¸ 1. Experts believe that it is not a good idea to give babies water until they are about six months old. BabiesRead MoreAmericans Must Drink More Water To Maintain Health Essays620 Words   |  3 PagesDrinking water is like washing out your insides. The water will cleanse the system, fill you up, decrease your caloric load and improve the function of all your tissues. -- Kevin R. Stone -- Read more at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/k/kevinrsto561866.html#Uqaj2DpkeTu1c4oW.99 Along with food, water has always been one of lifes essentials. Humans can survive up to three weeks without food but only a matter of three days without water and the adverse effects of dehydration can beRead MoreHow Clean Is Your Water?1223 Words   |  5 PagesHow Clean is Your Water? There are few necessities for basic survival, not only for humans, but for all living creatures. The only basic necessities we all need are air, water, food and shelter. Everyone has access to air. Generally, people can go to their local supermarket and purchase food, grow their own food or are given food stamps from the government. There are even homeless shelters and programs for people without shelter to utilize. Yet not everyone in America today has access to clean,Read MoreThe Effects Of Soft Drinks On Soft Beverages1192 Words   |  5 Pagespreventing one from drinking what the body needs the most which is water. In the market, there is a infinite amount of choices with multiple varieties of flavors, different tastes, ranges from classic soda to diet soda. However, consumers do not recognize clearly the negative effect of soft drinks that have a high chance of eroding their health away. Some of these examples include dental erosion, energy intake, obesity and other health iss ues. Nowadays, people live a healthy life to avoid healthRead MoreWater Is An Essential Requirement For Survival1006 Words   |  5 Pageswith water is amazingly great, because I drink it every day. I drink it for many logical and simple reasons. I drink water, because it keeps me functioning properly, hydrated, healthy, keeps me looking young, and most importantly it keeps me alive and running. Water is and always will be a part of my life. Water is an essential requirement for survival. Without water, there would be no life. Water is one of our most precious resources that every living creature has. The estimation of water the world

Analysis Of The Movie The Sitcom Two And A Half Men

Current TV Sitcom that illustrates a particular family form other than a nuclear family. While the show has been called the biggest hit comedy of the past decade by the New York Times, is currently ranked #3 (or was). I have chosen the sitcom Two and a Half Men, however I don’t watch very often I know this show has been updated with some of the characters, but still the same background. The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers: Charlie is a bachelor who writes commercial jingles for a living while leading a risky lifestyle. When Alan s (Charlie’s brother) wife Judith decides to divorce him, he moves into Charlie s beach house, with Jake (Alan’s son) coming to stay over the weekends. Charlie s housekeeper is Berta, a sharp-tongued woman who initially resists the change to the household but grudgingly accepts it. Evelyn, the conceited mother of Charlie and Alan (grandmother of Jake), who goes as far as to try to sell her son s home during his funeral, Charlie s one-night stand Rose was first introduced as his stalker in th e pilot episode. This show is very typical of stereo typing. It gives women a bad name and shows how some men portray women as play toys and then toss them when done. These episodes play off of the stereotype that men think about sex every other second, feeding into the inadequacy of parenting skills placing their needs before their children. Walden (played by Ashton Kutcher, the new Charlie) has a visit from hisShow MoreRelatedFeminine Mystique12173 Words   |  49 Pagesregard to supporting or undermining the â€Å"feminine mystique†? 4) Which television heroine -- Alice, Lucy, or Miss Brooks -- came the closest to TRULY overcoming the feminine mystique, and elaborate on that heroine’s situation and relationship to the men in her life. It was 1957. Betty Friedan was not just complaining; she was angry for herself and uncounted other women like her. For some time, she had sensed that discontent she felt as a suburban housewife and mother was not peculiar to her aloneRead MoreAsian Americans And Asian American Actors3112 Words   |  13 PagesSince the first half of the 19th century, Asian Americans have been involved in the media industry when the original â€Å"Siamese Twins† Chang and Eng Bunker became naturalized citizens of America. Roles in television and other media were scarce for Asian Americans, only available roles were very stereotypical. Early Asian American actors such as Bruce Lee and Sessue Hayakawa could only land stereotypical supporting roles in prime time television. While minority actors have progress through the yearsRead MoreProduct Placement12588 Words   |  51 Pages2005). Due to media fragmentation, media proliferation, and declining advertising efficacy, product placement increasi ngly is becoming an effective way to reach consumers and non-users (Mackay, Ewing, Newton, and Windisch, 2009). It is estimated that two-thirds of TV viewers cut the sound during commercials, channel-surf, or skip them altogether because they are annoying or irrelevant (Kiley, 2006). Smit, van Reijmersdal, and Neijens (2009) have found that the industry considers brand placement andRead MoreThe Independence Of Meta Cinema And Authorship4881 Words   |  20 Pagesfilmmakers? self-reflexivity. David Bordwell has indicated in his analysis on European art cinema that the stress of authorship covers the distinct style of art cinema practices (Bordwell, 1979). In his essay, representative art films are introduced as models conveying authorial marks, among which are Day for Night (La Nuit Am?ricaine, Truffaut, 1973) and 8 ? (Fellini, 1963). In order to demonstrate this, I will take in this chapter these two films together with Tout Va Bien (Godard and Gorin, 1972) asRead More Research on The Anime Invasion Essay4419 Words   |  18 Pagesthemes C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence in Princess Mononoke III. Gender issues in anime A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women subservient to men 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hiding â€Å"special† abilities 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magical girls a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Video Girl Ai b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urusei Yatsura c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tenchi Muyo d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ah! My Goddess! e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sailor Moon B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in 1950s and 1960s sitcoms and their gender roles 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I Dream of Jeannie 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bewitched C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Analysis of male fears 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ranma  ½ 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anxieties and control issues IV. 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[†¦] She has also been using an Internet â€Å"bulletinRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 Pages.......................................................................................................13 Organization of this Dissertation .................................................................................................14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................................................15 Introduction ............................. ..........................................................................................

Study of Effectiveness of Pedometer free essay sample

According to Brenda L. Rooney et al, 68% of children reported at post-program that the pedometer made them more active and 49% enjoyed wearing the pedometer â€Å"very much. † Studies have shown that wearing a pedometer is a simple, effective way for people to become more aware of their daily activity level, and increase their physical activity (Rooney, 2003). Dena et al (2007) stated that, the use of a pedometer is associated with significant increases in physical activity and significant decreases in body mass index and blood pressure. According to Richardson (2008), pedometer-based walking programs result in a modest amount of weight loss. Longer programs lead to more weight loss than shorter programs. A 10,000 steps exercise prescription resulted in weight loss over 36 weeks in previously sedentary, overweight and obese adults. Adherence to the step goal had a marked effect on the outcome. (Schneider et al, 2006). The study by Sidman et al (2004) specifically compared alternative goals in an RCT. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Effectiveness of Pedometer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In their intervention involving sedentary women aged 20 to 65 years, they found that although participants with low levels of baseline activity rarely reached their goal of 10 000 steps per day; they increased their steps as much as those asked to achieve a more modest goal.

Business Financing Whiz Bang Corporation

Questions: Discuss about the Business Financing Whiz Bang Corporation. Answers: Introduction Every organization survives in the dynamic world only because of three factors which are people, plant and profit. The three plays major role in the success of every organization. People consist of human resources who are employed in organization, plant consists of the movable and immovable assets of the organization and profit is the earnings made by the company. In this report, the focus is on the assets of the organization. The aim of this report is to analyze the need of replacement of an asset, to analyze the project with various capital budgeting techniques and to finalize the way through which the asset shall be financed with help of the concept of cost of capital in weighted average terms. The body of the report has been divided into three sections first one deal with the capital acquisitions, second deals with the appraisal of the project and third deals with the project financing. The report is then ended with the conclusion containing the summary of the report and finding s and interpretations thereon. In the last, the recommendation has been given phase wise. It has been followed by the proper list of references and appendices containing the calculations. Capital Acquisitions Before making any decision, the decision maker should have requisite information and explanations along with the documentary evidences so that an effective and efficient decision can be taken. Assets are regarded as back bone of every organization without which it cannot work. In any business organization, every kind of asset needs replacement after the passage of time and replacement will always bring and economic benefit to the economy. Replacement may occur due to expiration of the estimated life of an asset or due to sudden failure of an asset. In order to replace an asset, the approval shall come from the top management and that too after the proper appraisal of the information regarding the reasons for replacing the asset. In the current scenario, the equipment has been worn out and has crossed the estimated useful life. It means that though the equipment may be technically efficient but it requires so much maintenance cost and running cost that will exceed the salvage value of the equipment. Secondly, the value as of now will be equivalent to value at the completion of the estimated life after the maintenance (GFOA, 2010), (AASB, 116) Therefore, before proceeding to have replacement of the equipment, due and proper care shall be taken. The following informations are required by the management for appraising the action for replacement of an asset: Purchase cost of an asset and the value as on date as per books of accounts Present Condition of an asset Remaining Estimated useful life of an asset as at current date Reasons for replacing an asset. Estimated Maintenance Cost which is required to be incurred in case the same asset is to be kept Estimated Running cost of an asset which is required to be incurred in case the same asset is to be kept Estimated Scrap value of an asset Cost - benefit analysis of replacement decision. Estimated useful life of new asset. Cost of new asset and quotations from at least three vendors (DHPW,2012), (University of Tolado, 2002). The above informations are very necessary for replacement decision as without the availability of these no decision can be taken. There are various reasons for obtaining the information. At the first, the carrying amount as on date must be known to the decision maker along with the remaining useful life and it is then compared with the salvage value of an asset. Secondly, the cost of maintenance and running an asset must be worked out and compare the same with future cash flows to calculate present value if the current asset is retained (Sondillane M). Thirdly, the detail of new asset to be acquired is very essential. The details must be obtained from different vendors as to the cost and other technical; specifications and then proper analysis shall be made. If it is observed that the asset if continued will incur an expensive maintenance and running cost in comparison with the salvage value and the present value of future cash inflows, then its better to replace the asset. The approval will come from the top management along with the funds to purchase the asset. Project Proposal This scenario deals with the appraisal of the new project with the use of capital budgeting techniques. Capital Budgeting deals with the process of planning the expenditure which is to be incurred on the project in such a manner that the selected project out of the various available projects will be the best one which will maximize benefits for long term. This decision means the decision to be made by top management to whether to invest in a particular long term projects or not. These projects may include purchase of huge plant and machinery, purchase of turnkey project or manufacturing an item on their own instead of purchasing from outside. The finance manager of every organization is personnel who are responsible for assisting the management in making the decision for taking up the project. While evaluating the project, he uses various techniques which are known as capital budgeting techniques. It includes Payback period, Net Present Value and others. These methods are described a s follows: Payback period method: It denotes the number of years within which the organization will be able to recover the initial cost that has been incurred by it at the time of acquisition of the project. It is expressed in years and months. At the payback period, the inflows will be equal to the outflows. It means payback period method defines the time at which the organization may be able to cover the investment originally made. If there are two projects and one has to be selected, then the decision will automatically go in favor of the project which has short payback period. Its because shorter the period higher will be the long term benefits the organization will have. Net Present Value Objective of every firm is to have more wealth. Wealth comes from the net earnings and net earnings are the difference between inflows and outflows of firm relating to the project. It helps in arriving at the net earnings by discounting the future cash inflows and deducting the cash outflow from therein. If the difference comes as positive, the proposal is accepted otherwise rejected (Illes, 2012), (Juhasz L). The discounting rate is cost of capital of firm. Internal Rate of Return It is the return at which initial cost of proposal is equal to the present value of the future cash inflows. In other words, it is the rate at which the Net Present value is zero (Edward,2010). Thus, it is regarded as the cut - off rate at which the project or investment may be accepted. If it is higher than the cost of capital, then the proposal is accepted otherwise rejected (Juhasz L). In the given scenario, one project has been identified for the company which will have life of ten years and an initial cost of $60,00,000. The aforementioned three techniques have been adopted to judge the feasibility of the proposal. The calculation is given in Annexure 1. As per the calculation, Net present Value of the Project is $ 1,98,420 /- Internal rate of return is 12.80% Payback period is 9.77 years. As per the decision criteria of Net present Value, it is positive of $1,98,420 /- therefore the project may be accepted. As per the decision criteria of Internal Rate of Return, it is of 12.80 % which is more than the cost of capital of 12% and thus the project may be accepted. As per the decision criteria of payback period, that project shall be selected where the investment may be recovered at an early point of time. In the given case, the project has estimated useful life of ten years and the payback period is only 9.77 years which indicates that the project will not be able to recover its investment in its initial phase and thus on the basis of the payback period method the project may not be accepted. The aforesaid methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Payback period Though the payback period method is very simple and easy to understand and adopt, gives the potential or prospective investors an idea of time period within which they will able to get their investment but it contains many demerits. One of the major demerits is that the method assumes the case of liquidity rather than profitability. Its because it considers the cash inflows only during the specified period and not after that. Secondly it completely ignores the concept of going concern. Thirdly, it lacks the measurement of percentage return on the investment made. Net Present Value It is considered as the best measure to evaluate the project. It has many advantages over other methods like the method considers the time value of money, it helps in selecting the best proposal out of the available proposals, assumes that the cash flows represent the shareholders wealth and it provides the figure of the net benefits arising out of the available proposals over its span of life. But it has one major disadvantage that the method does not provide the actual results where the projects under consideration have different estimated life of project (Blas 2006), (Damodran). Internal Rate of Return It is the second method which counts the time value of money and takes into account all the cash inflows and cash outflows. But on the other hand it is complex to calculate and provides the multiple rates which leads to confusion to the finance manager. Thus, as per the figures of the aforesaid three parameters, the project is feasible and it is recommended that the organization shall approve the proposal. Apart from the above financial parameters, there are some non financial parameters. These include Technological advancement, estimated useful life and estimation of the demand of the product in future which will generate out of that project. Technological advancement refers to the status of the technology of machinery or plant under proposal. It should be at the level which denotes that the organization can cope up with the changing environment and will be able to generate the economic benefits in future. If it is found after proper testing that the equipment under proposal is technologically advanced then the proposal is accepted. Secondly, useful life of an asset to be replaced with shall be estimated with due care as the asset is considered as long term benefit source and if the accurate estimation has not been made then the project may not be accepted. Lastly, the estimate of the future demand of the product shall be made with the help of marketing expert and other professionals. It is because if the demand in the future is decreased by any percentage then it will affect the whole analysis made by the finance manager using the capital budgeting techniques. Thus, in view of the above discussion, it is recommended to accept the proposal and take the project. Its necessary to look after the non financial matters also. Therefore, as per the capital budgeting techniques and other discussion, the proposal shall be accepted in full. Project Financing WACC is the companys cost in percentage terms to borrow the money from different sources of finance (Giddy). The finance may be raised by issuing equity shares, by issuing debentures, by raising loans from banks or other financial institutions, by raising loans from relatives or friends as unsecured loan and by having loans in the form of bank bills or bank overdraft being short term loan. All these sources carry cost of financing which the borrower needs to repay at periodical intervals. Some requires their payments on monthly basis; some requires it on quarterly basis, some requires it on semi annually or some on annual basis. The cost of financing carries the other component with it which is known as tax rate. Tax rate is the rate at which any corporate needs to pay the tax to the government treasury. For calculating it, after tax cost of debt is considered. Equity Cost does not carries tax rate because of the fact that the fund has been raised by issuing equity shares of the comp any to their shareholders. The formula for calculating cost of each source of finance is different whether it may be equity or any form of debenture (Pareja 2009), (Lee), (Sabesp 2011). In the given case of Whiz Bang Corporation Limited, there are three sources of finance under debt namely debentures, bank bills and bank overdraft. Calculations of Weighted Average Cost of Capital are given in Annexure II. Debenture carries a fixed annual rate of 12% and its cost works out as 9.80%, Bank bills carries yield of 10% and its cost is 7% and Bank Overdraft carries yield of 11% and its cost is 7.70%. All these sources are in the ratio or 3:2:1 respectively. The Weighted average cost of debt as calculated is 4.26% and of equity is 3.07%. Thus the total WACC as calculated sum of both is 7.33%. In the given case, it is the better method for evaluating the project. It is because, all the relevant data which includes weight of each source of finance and all items for calculation of its cost has been given for calculating the weighted average cost of capital and there are two sources debt and equity and overall cost of capital can be obtained only with the help of the weighted average cost of capital. Along with the advantages there is one major hurdle in adopting this method is that the ratio of capital structure of the company cannot be maintained as it is for the future years. In the given case the debt equity ratio has been defined 1:1 and the three components of debt is in the ration on 1:2:3. In the real world it cannot remain the same, it will change in accordance with the changing external or internal environment of the company. Second restriction is that it is difficult to obtain the present cost of capital from the market as the cost changes daily. Third major restriction is that the method assumes that the new project will have the same risk as assigned to earlier projects. Due to this most of the times company ends up with the project by accepting bad projects and rejecting the new projects. Although, the method have disadvantages, but in the given case weighted average cost of capital is accepted. Conclusion Whiz Bang Corporation Limited has undergone three phases wherein the capital acquisition has been reviewed, project proposal has been evaluated and weighted average cost of capital has been calculated. The first one has dealt with the replacement of an asset in which all the areas have been covered as to which information is required by the finance manager to go for replacement and reason thereon. In the second phase, project has been appraised by the use of Capital budgeting methods including NPV, Payback period and IRR and on the basis of results decision whether to accept the project or not has been recommended. In the third phase, financing of project has been made. In this the WACC has been found and the restrictions in using this method in the given case have been discussed. In order to conclude the report, the analysis in each of the three phases has been made in detail with proper calculations and discussions. Recommendetion In each of the three phases, different recommendations have been made. In the first phase dealing with the replacement of assets, requisite information has been mentioned so as to evaluate whether the replacement is actual in need and the amount of funds to be released for replacement. It is recommended to have more information before proceeding to release of funds. In the second phase, project has been appraised and it is recommended to accept the project as the same has positive NPV and higher IRR. In third phase, relevancy of WACC in the given case has been detailed and it is recommended that the company has adopted correct method in order to arrive at total cost of the capital. Thus, except at first phase, the recommendation has been made positive without any requirement of further details. 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